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11.1 11.2 vocab
| word | definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity known as genetics is the key to understanding what makes each organism unique |
| fertilization | during sexual reproduction male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as fertilization to produce a new cell |
| trait | a trait is a specific characteristic such as seed color or plant height of an individual. |
| hybrids | the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are call hybrids |
| genes | today scientists call the factors that are passed from parent to offspring genes |
| alleles | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| principle of dominance | Mendel's second conclusion is called the principle of dominance; this principle states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| gametes | sex cells |
| probability | probability is a concept you may have learned about in math class |
| homozygous | homozygous having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| heterozygous | heterosygous having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| phenotype | physical traits |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| punnett square | one of the best ways to predict the outcome of a genetic cross is by drawing a simple diagram known as punnett square |
| tetrad | Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| zygote | a fertilized egg |
| crossing-over | Chromatids of the homologous chromosomes cross over one another, crossed sections of the chromatids (which contain alleles) are exchanged. This process produces new combinations of alleles in the cell. Happens during Prophase 1 of meiosis. |
| simple dominance | Dominant traits mask recessive traits; only one allele needed to show dominant and recessive traits |
| incomplete dominance | Neither allele is dominant; Heterozygous in a blend of two homozygous phenotypes |
| codominance | Both alleles are dominant; both alleles are expressed equally in an individual who is heterozygous |
| multiple alleles | More than two alleles are possible for a trait; still, will only inherit two (one from mom, one from dad); example is Blood Type |
| polygentic traits | More than one gene determines a trait; examples are height, skin color, hair color, eye color, weight, and foot size. |
Created by:
cory_fuller58
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