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MedSurge-HEMATOLOGY2
ATI-MedSurge-HEMATOLOGY PROBLEMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thalassemia is? | the body's inability to produce enough healthy red blood cells and hemoglobin (↓ globin synthesis) |
| Tay-Sachs disease is? | a rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord |
| Sideroblastic anemia | ↓porphyrin |
| The severity of anemia is usually tested by _____ levels. | Hemoglobin (Hgb) |
| Microcytic anemia | "Find Those Small Cells" Fe deficiency Thalassemia Sideroblastic Chronic disease |
| Mild Anemia : reference range | Hgb 10-12 g/dL |
| Moderate Anemia : reference range | Hgb 6-10 g/dL |
| Severe Anemia : reference range | Hgb <6 g/dL |
| Metrorrhagia is? | uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, between the expected menstrual periods |
| Icteric sclera is? | a condition in which the whites of the eyes become yellow |
| The fingernails of anemic persons may appear _____-_____. | spoon shaped |
| The tongue of anemic persons may appear _____. | glossitic (beefy, red) |
| Some neurologic issues an anemic person may display are? | roaring in ears, confusion, loss of vibration sense, unsteady gait |
| Cobalamin (Vit B12), food sources? | red meats (liver), eggs, enriched grains |
| Folic acid, food sources? | green leafy veges, liver, meat, fish , legumes, whole grains |
| Iron, food sources? | liver & muscle meats, eggs, dried fruits, legumes, dark leafy veges, whole grains, enriched grains |
| Pyridoxoine (Vit B6), food sources? | meats, wheat germ, legumes potatoes, cornmeal, bananas |
| Amino Acids, food sources? | eggs, meat, milk & products, poultry, fish , legumes, nuts |
| Ascorbic Acid, food sources? | citrus fruits, green leafy veges, strawberries, cantaloupe |
| Drugs that interfere with absorption/use of folic acid? | methotrexate, anti-seizure drugs (phenobarbital, dilantin), |
| Megaloblastic anemia is caused by? | Folic acid deficiency |
| Folic acid deficiency is treated by? | replacement therapy (usually 1mg PO daily), in malabsorption states - 5mg |
| Pt. with anemia should be protected from? | burns, falls, and trauma; pt. have diminished sensation of heat/pain |
| Congenital causes of aplastic anemia include? | Fanconi syndrome, Congenital dyskeratosis, Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, Schwachman-Diamond syndrome |
| Prognosis of severe untreated aplastic anemia is approximately ______% | 70% fatal |
| 10% loss in blood volume, clinical manifestations? | none |
| 20% loss in blood volume, clinical manifestations? | tachycardia with exercise, slight postural HTN |
| 30% loss in blood volume, clinical manifestations? | postural HTN with exercise, normal supine BP and pulse at rest |
| 40% loss in blood volume, clinical manifestations? | ↓BP, central venous pressure, and cardiac output at rest; pulse: rapid/thready; skin: cold/clammy |
| 50% loss in blood volume, clinical manifestations? | shock → death |
| Sickle Cell Disease is a mutation of? | Beta-globin located on chromosome 11 |
| Sickling episodes are commonly triggered by? | low oxygen tension in the blood, dehydration, acidosis, plasma osmolality, decreased plasma volume, low body temperature |
| Clinical hallmarks of sickle cell disease include? | vaso-occlusive phenomena and hemolysis |
| Hemochromatosis is? | an iron overload disorder |
| Hemochromatosis occurs secondary to? | thalassemia ad sideroblastic anemia |
| Severe Hemochromatosis, leads to? | cirrhosis of the liver |
| Hemochromatosis, treatment? | removal 500mL of blood weekly for 2-3 yrs. to deplete iron stores |
| Most platelet disorders are (inherited / acquired)? | acquired |
| Most common form of acquired thrombocytopenia? | Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
| Hemophilia A, mutation is of clotting factor _____. | VIII |
| Hemophilia B, mutation is of clotting factor _____. | IX |
| Analgesics that should never be used as treatment for hemophiliacs? | Aspirin and aspirin containing products |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, presentation? | abrupt onset & dramatic, serious infection/bleeding, hyperplasia of bone marrow |
| Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, presentation? | most common type in children, most of B-cell origin, abrupt onset with bleeding or fever, CNS manifestations (Leukemic meningitis) |
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, presentation? | stages: chronic stable → more acute, "blastic phase" |
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, presentation? | most common in adults, large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma called Richter's syndrome |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma is? | a cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other sites |
| In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, initial enlargement is seen in _____, ____, or lymph nodes? | cervical, axillary, or inguinal |
| Dextrose solutions or lactated Ringer's solution will cause _____ to RBCs? | hemolysis |
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