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Chapter 12_Gen
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| haploid (n) | one copy of a genome distributed among chromosomes |
| diploid (2n) | two copies of a genome distributed among chromosomes |
| mitosis | the process of nuclear division (karyokinesis) and usually cell division (cytokinesis) |
| sister chromatids | exact copies of each DNA chromosome that originate during S phase |
| 5 stages of mitosis | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase |
| results of meiosis | generation of haploid nuclei, independenet assortment of maternally and paternally derived chromosomes, crossing-over generates futher diversity in allele combinations |
| chromatid | one of the two distinct longitudinal subunits of all replicated chromosomes that becomes visible between prophase and metaphase |
| nondisjunction | the failure of the movement of homologous chromosomes (meisosis I) or daughter chromosomes (meisosis II) |
| aneuploidy | the abnormal condition in which one or more whole chromsomes of a normal set of chromosomes are missing or are present in more than the usual number of copies |
| primary nondisjuction | occurs in individuals with a normal set of chromosomes |
| secondary nondisjunction | occurs in the progenies of females that were produced by primary nondisjunction |
| Turner Syndrome female | X - no barr bodies expected |
| Triplo-X female | XXX - 2 barr bodies expected |
| Klinefelter syndrome male | XXY - 1 barr body expected, XXXY - 2 barr bodies expected, XXYY - 1 barr bodies expected |
| XYY syndrome male | XYY - 0 barr bodies expected |