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Chapter 11_Gen
Genetics Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| phenotype | the expression of a physical trait that is based on the genotype and environmental influences and random developmental events |
| alleles | different forms of a gene (i.e. S and s represent the soothness and wrinkledness of the pea seed) |
| character | a characteristic of an individual that is transmitted from generation to generation (synonym is trait) |
| cross | a mating between two individuals, leading to the fusion of gametes |
| F1 generation (the first filial generation) | the progeny of mating of individuals of the P generation |
| F2 generation (the second filial generation) | the progeny resulting from interbreeding F1 generation individuals |
| gamete | a mature reproductive cell that is specialized for sexual fusion (each gamete is haploid and fuses with a cell of similar origin, but of opposite sex, to produce a diploid zygote) |
| gene(Mendelian factor) | the determinant of a characteristic of an organism (a gene's nucleotide sequence specifies a polypeptide or an RNA) |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an organism |
| homozygous | describes a diploid organism in which both alleles are the same at a given gene locus (SS or ss) |
| homozygous dominant | a genotype in which both alleles are dominant (SS) |
| homozygous recessive | a genotype in which both alleles are recessive (ss) |
| heterozygous | describes a diploid organism that has two different alleles at a specific gene locus |
| haploid | a cell or an individual with one set of chromosomes |
| locus (gene locus; plural loci) | the specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located |
| P generation | parental generation in breeding experiments |
| phenotype | the physical manifestation of a genetic trait that results from a specific genotype and its interaction with the environment |
| trait | a characteristic of an individual, and if heritable, is transferred from generation to generation (synonym is character) |
| true-breeding | when a trait being studied remains unchanged from the parent to offspring for many generations (typically a show of homozygosity for the allele responsible for the trait) |
| zygote | the cell produced by the fusion of male and female gametes |
| probability | the ratio of the number of times a particular event is expected to occur to the number of trials during which the event could have happened |
| product rule | states that the probability of two independent events occurring simulatenously is the product of each of their individual probabilities |
| sum rule | states that the probability of occurrence of any of several mutually exclusive events is the sum of the probabilities of the individual events |
| calculation to determine the number of phenotypic classes | 2^n |
| calculation to determine the nubmer of genotypic classes | 3^n |
| wild-type alleles | highest frequency of functional alleles |
| null (amorph) mutation | no function (no gene product) |
| hypomorph mutation | reduced function (reduced level or function of gene product) |
| hypermorph | increased level of gene product |
| neomorph | gene product with novel function |
| antimorph | gene product that antagonizes normal gene product |
Created by:
Nicolekr
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