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integumentaryone
1st unit ingumentary Med-Surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the epidermis? | outer layer of skin |
| What does epidermis contain? | stratum corneum keratom-tough protectiv protein formed by stratum corneum. completely replaced every 35--45 days |
| what is the dermis? | True skin--connective tissue, elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerves, sweat & sebaceous glands, hair follicles |
| melanin | pigment that determines color of skin |
| what are the 4 functions of skin? | protection, temp. regulation, sensory processing, chemical synthesis. |
| how does skin protect? | forms protective barrier, prevents water loss, 1st line of defense |
| what are calluses? | formed-think layer of epidermal cells |
| what causes a blister to develope? | intense friction |
| how does skin regulate temperature? | by dilating and constricting blood vessels |
| what are the 4 methods of heat loss? | radiation-transfer of heat into environment conduction-transfer of heat thru direct contact evaporation-loss of moisture or water convection transfer thru currents of air or liquids. |
| what is sensory processing? | pressure, pain, heat, cold |
| What is hair made of? | keratin and amino acids |
| what hair grows most rapidly? | scalp |
| what do sebaceous and sweat glands secret? | sebum oil |
| what are they connected to? | each hair follicle |
| where are eccrine glands? | groin, mostly water |
| what are apocrine glands? | armpits, nipples, eyes, more sebaceous |
| what are finger/toenails? | hard keratin: protective function: nail root. |
| Lunulla? | crescent moon in nail, abundant cap supply |
| assessment | history of; 1st symptoms, frequency of episodes, precipitatin gfactors, alleviating factors, pain level, pruritus |
| physical assessment | redness, breakdown, rashes, turgor, temp.(back of hand on surface) moisture, color, |
| nail assessment | normal structures, shape & thinckness, color of nail bed, cap refill time. |
| what is a macule? | flat, round colored freckles |
| what is a papule? | elevated with raised border, solid (wart) |
| what is a vesicle? | elevated, filled with serum (blister) |
| What is a wheal? | elevated, irregular border, no free fluid (hives) |
| what is a pustule? | elevated and fillled with puss (boil) |
| what is a nodule? | elevated solid mass that extends into deeper tiss (enlarged lymph node) |
| what is a cyst? | encapsulated round fluid filled or solid mass beneath skin. (tissue growth) |
| what is a pressure sore? | decubitus ulcer: when cap blood flow to an area is reduced. Happens over bony prominences, where skin is compressed against hard surface over time. |
| Where are common areas for press. sores? | coccyx, sacrum or hips, back of head, shoulder blades, heels, elbows, ears. |
| what are the stages of press. sores? | 1. redness 2. blistering or tear 3. shallow crater with drainage 4. deep ulcerated tissues, exposed muscle and bone, most threatening, may lead to sepsis |
| how to avoid pressure sores? | turn frequently (q2hours) keep clean and dry, use moisturizing cleansers, pressure relieving devices, pad body areas, avoid shearing. |
| what are the risk factors for press. sores? | dehydration, diaphoresis, immobility, inactivity, incontinence, edema, malnutrition |
| what treatment is effective for pressure ulcers open surgical wounds, trauma wounds? | negative pressure wound therapy. |
| what are integumentary diagnostic tests? | visual inspection, culture & sensitivity tests, allergy tests, Woods light, potassium hydroxide test, fungal culture, skin biopsy |
| what some medical, surgical treatments for skin disorders? | drug therapy, corticosteroids:antihistimines, antibiotics:antiseptics: scabicides:pediculocides(lice) antiseborrheic agents (dandruff shampoo)keratolytics for warts. |
| what are some medical/surgical treatments? | wet ddressings, cooling soothing effects, sterile procedure for broken skin |
| accutane | medicine for acne |
| rosacea | incurable, manageable disease, skin takes on rosy appearance, caused by lack of dermis support.Nose, forhead, cheeks, chin. Papules, pustules. |
| 2 types of dermatitis | allergic dermatitis: sensative to one or more substances like dyes or plants irritant dermatitis: poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, acids and alkalies |
| treatment for dermatitis | remove offending substance, flush with cool water, calamine lotion, and anti-itch lotions |
| what are triggers for rosacea? | hot beverages, spicy foods, environment |
| what are treatments for rosacea? | antibiotics to decrease inflammation, topical anti-inflammatory, laser for thick skin removal. |
| what is a furuncle? | caused by skin infections with organisms harmless on the skin. Integrity of skin compromised, germs inter skin. |
| what is furunculosis? | multiple furuncles |
| where do furuncles appear? | anywhere but usually around neck, axillary, groin |
| what are appearance of furuncles? | raised painful pustule surrounded by erythmia.hard to touch. |
| what are treatments for furuncles (boils)? | hot wet soaks, antibiotics, incision and drainage, |
| what is psoriasis? | chronic non-infections red patches with silver scales, triggered by emotional distress, seasonal changes, infection and hormonal changes. Cells proliferate fast, old cannot keep up. Keratinocytes. |
| what is treatment for psoriasis? | corticosteroids, photo chemotherapy, vitamin D, retinoids |
| where is psoriasis found? | elbow, knees, trunk, scalp |
| What are the various "tineas"? | tinea pedis-foot, tinea capitas-head, tinea corpus-body, tinea cruris-jock itch (groin) |
| what are scabies? | itch mite, caused by skin-to-skin contact |
| what's the diagnostic tests for scabies? | visual inspection, ink or mineral oil test |
| what is treatment for scabies? | scabicides applied neck down 8-12 hours, then washed off. Wash lenins, clothes, |
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