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Biology
WCHS Biology Chapter 23
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Parenchyma | most abundant type of plant cell; sperical cells with thin, flexible cell walls and a large central vacuole; important for storage and food production |
| Collenchyma | long, flexible plant cells with unevenly thickened cell walls; most common in acively growing tissues |
| Sclerenchyma | plant cells with thick; rigid cell walls; provide support for the plant and a major component of vascular tissue |
| Epidermis | in plants, the outermost layer of flattened cells that cover and protects all parts of the plant; in humans and some other animals, the outermost protective layer of dead cells and an inner layer of living cells |
| Stomata | openings in leaf tissues that control gas openings |
| Guard Cell | cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata; regulate the flow of water vapor from leaf tissue |
| Trichome | hairlike projections that extend from a plant's epidermis; help reduce water evaporation and may provide protection from herbivores |
| Xylem | vascular plant tissue composed of tubular cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant |
| Tracheid | tubular cells in the xylem that have tapered ends and are dead at maturity |
| Vessel Element | hollow, tubular cells in the xylem; conduct water and dissolve minerals from the roots to the stem; have open ends through which water passes freely from cell to cell |
| Phloem | vascular plant tissue made up of tubular cells joined end to end; transports sugars to all parts of the plant |
| Sieve Tube Member | tubular cells in phloem; each cell lacks a nucleus |
| Companion Cell | nucleated cells that help transport sugars and other organic compounds through the sieve cells of the phloem |
| Meristem | regions of actively dividing cells in plants |
| Vascular Cambium | lateral meristem that produces new xylem and phloem cells in the stem and roots |
| Cork Cambium | lateral meristem that produces a tough protective covering for the surface of stems and roots |
| Cortex | layer of ground tissue in the root that is involved in the trasport of water and ions into the vascular tissue of the root |
| Endodermis | single layer of cells that forms a water-proof seal around a root's vascular tissue; controls the flow of water and dissolved minerals into the root |
| Pericycle | in plants, the layer of cells just within the endodermis that gives rise to lateral roots |
| Root Cap | tough, protective layer of parenchyma cells that covers the tip of a root |
| Sink | any part of a plant that stores sugars produced during photosynthesis |
| Translocation | process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| Petiole | in plants, the stalk that joins the leaf blade to the stem |
| Mesophyll | photosynthetic tissue of a leaf |
| Transpiration | in plants, the loss of water through stomata |
| Hormone | chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part, where it causes a physiological change |
| Auxin | group of plant hormones that promote cell elongation |
| Gibberellin | group of plant hormones that cause plants to grow taller by stimulating cell elongation |
| Cytokinin | group of hormones that stimulate mitosis and cell division |
| Ethylene | plant hormone that promotes the ripening of the fruits |
| Tropism | growth response of a plant to an external stimulus |
| Nastic Movement | responsive movement of a plant not dependent on the direction of the stimulus |
Created by:
dmoudy
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