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NPB 101

Lecture 6

QuestionAnswer
What is the definition of a chemical synapse? A specialized separation between cells where signal transmission is mediated by a chemical
What is a neurotransmitter? The chemical that is used as a signal between synapses
What is the pre-synaptic cell? The cell releasing the neurotransmitter
What is the post-synaptic cell? The cell receiving the neurotransmitter
What is the synaptic cleft? The separation between the pre-synaptic terminal and the post-synaptic membrane
What are the steps of a neurotransmitter release from the pre-synaptic cell? 1: The cell gets depolarized from down the axon 2: Ca ions influx into the pre-synaptic cell through voltage gated ion channels. 3: An increase in Ca leads to an exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters out of the terminal. 4: Neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft and binds to receptors. 5: This leads to the opening or closing of gates in the post-synaptic terminal.
What are transmitter gated channels? Where are they? When are they activated? Ion channels that open or close in the post-synaptic terminal based on the signals sent from the pre-synaptic terminal
What does EPSP stand for and what does it do? Which ions move in which direction to accomplish this? Exitatory post-synaptic potential. This is when the ion permeability in the post-synaptic terminal has been depolarized by the pre-synaptic terminal, increasing the chances of the cell reaching the threshold. Decrease Pk or increase PNa
What does IPSP stand for and what does it do? Which ions move in which direction to accomplish this? Inhibitory post-synaptic potential.This is when the ion permeability in the post-synaptic terminal is hyperpolarized by the pre-synaptic terminal, decreasing the chances of the cell reaching the threshold. Increase Pk or decrease PNa
What kind of ion channels are in the post-synaptic terminal? Neurotransmitter gated channels, not voltage gated
What are the three common combinations that can occur in the post-synaptic cell after the pre-synaptic cell has been affected by a stimulus? Hyperpolarized = depolarized Depolarized = Depolarized Depolarized = Hyperpolarized
What is disinhibition? Its when the pre-synaptic terminal becomes hyperpolarized by a stimulus, which then depolarizes the post-synaptic terminal after the neurotransmitter is released.
How do postsynaptic potentials disappear when the presynaptic terminal is hyperpolarized? 1: Transmitters on the post-synaptic terminal are removed. 2: Ca in the axon terminal is lowered.
When the presynaptic terminal is hyperpolarized, how are the transmitters removed? 1: Diffusion out of terminal into the bloodstream 2: Uptake into nearby glial cells 3: Degradation by enzymes
When the presynaptic terminal is hyperpolarized, how is the Ca content lowered? 1: Ca ATPase pumps the Ca out of the terminal 2: Na is exchanged with Ca by another pump
What is temporal summation? When the transmitter release from one pre-synaptic cell is fast enough that small EPSP's produce a larger depolarization
What is spacial summation? When more than one pre-synaptic cell releases transmitters simultaneously to produce a spike
What happens when an EPSP and an IPSP occur at the same time? They decrease the likelihood of excitation. Essentially they cancel each other out
What is post-synaptic inhibition? When all the outputs of the post-synaptic cells are are blocked
How does pre-synaptic inhibition affect the outputs of the post-synaptic cell? It can block all but one of the outputs
What are the four methods that cells use to communicate with one another? 1: Direct, 2: Neurotransmitter signals, 3: Paracrine (medium range), 4: Endocrine and neurohormonal (long range)
Be able to draw a chemical synapse K
Created by: 24rory
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