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Chapter 7
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This word refers to as the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other | Anatomy |
| This word refers to the function of the living body and its parts | Physiology |
| Standing erect,facing forward,arms at side,palms forward | Anatomical position |
| Specialized language used in all fields of medicine | medical terminology |
| the small intestine is made up of what? | duodenum, jejunum and ileum |
| what does the sm. intestine do? | receives food from the stomach and secretion from the pancreas and liver. Nutrients are taken from here and disturbed to the body |
| The Colon works how? | water is absorbed off of the waste product that the sm. intestine didn't use. Then flushed out the rectum and anus |
| What is involved in the mechanical process of digestion? | Chewing, swallowing, peristalsis and defecation |
| What is involved in the chemical process of digestion? | Enzymes (juice) break down food into simple components that the body can use.. |
| what does the urinary system do? | filters and excretes wastes from the blood |
| name all the body structures found in the urinary system. | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters,1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra |
| Kidneys not only filter wastes from the bloodstream but they play an important role in what other two areas? | Blood pressure regulation and maintaining a normal acid-based balance in the body |
| ________ and __________ contribute the genes that determine the hereditary characteristics of offspring | sperm and ovum |
| Laying face up on back is called | supine |
| lying face down on stomach is called | prone |
| lying on left or right side is called | lateral recumbent position |
| lying on back with upper body at 45*-60*angle is called | Fowler position |
| lying on back with upper body at less then 45* is called | semi-Fowler position |
| pt on back with legs elevated higher than the head and body on an inclined plane | trendelenburg |
| vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into right and left segments is | sagittal plane |
| plan that divides the body into front and back halves is called | frontal or coronal plane |
| horizontal plane is parallel with the ground and the body into upper and lower halves is called | transverse or axial plane |
| vertically a line through the middle of the body starting at the top of the head to the feet | mid-line |
| a line that starts at the armpit down to the ankle is called the | mid axillary line |
| anterior | front |
| posterior | back |
| superior plane | above the waist |
| inferior plane | below the waist |
| superior | toward the head or above the point of reference |
| inferior | toward the feet or below the point of reference |
| medial | towards the mid line or center of body |
| ventral | towards the the front of the abdomen |
| lateral | left or right of the mid line, away |
| ipsilateral | same side |
| contra-lateral | opposite side |
| bilateral | both sides |
| unilateral | one side |
| proximal | near point of reference |
| distal | far from point of reference |
| midclavicular | center of each collarbones |
| mid-axillary | center of the armpit |
| connect bone to bone | ligaments |
| connect muscles to bones | tendons |
| musculoskeletal system does what functions | support, protection, permits motion and is flexible to with stand stress |
| ________ are living tissues that store minerals and produce blood cells | bones |
| Name the 3 main types of muscle in the body | voluntary(skeletal) involuntary(smooth) cardiac |
| Joint movement includes: hint: 7 words | flexion extension abduction adduction pronation supination circumduction |
| True or False: Respiration, oxygenation and ventilation are synonymous? | False |
| ___________ occurs at the cellular level when gases are exchanged across membranes | respiration |
| ___________ is part of respiration that refers specifically to movement of oxygen | oxygenation |
| ___________ is the process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs | Ventilation |
| upper airway consists of what structures | nose and mouth pharynx nasopharynax and larynx |
| where does the upper airway end? | level of the cricoid cartilage |
| lower airway consits of what 4 structures | trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli |
| air enters the _________ | pharynx |
| lower end of the pharynx divides into 2 structures -name them | esophagus and trachea |
| ________carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs | trachea |
| in what area of the respiratory system does the voice box sit? | larynx |
| a firm full ring of cartilage that forms the lower edge of the larynx is called what? | cricoid cartilage |
| Which way does the epiglottis and the larynx move when the pt. swallows? | the epiglottis moves downward and the larynx moves upward creating a seal over the opening of the larynx |
| bronchioles are lined with what kind of muscle | smooth |
| 1000 of tiny air sacs in the lungs are called what? | alveoli |
| where does gas exchange in the lungs take place? | alveoli |
| Name the thin covering on the outer layer of the lungs | visceral pleura |
| Name the thick layer of elastic tissue that covers the internal chest wall? | parietal pleura |
| Between the visceral and parietal pleura is the __________ cavity | pleural |
| dome-shaped muscle that aids in breathing is called the ____________, it separates the ________ cavity from the abdominal cavity | diaphragm , thoracic |
| True or False: the trachea is softer and less flexible than that of an adult? | False: the trachea is more flexible then that of an adult |
| A sign of respiratory distress in an infant or child is when ____________ movement can be seen | increased |
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