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Mendel and Meiosis

Chapter 10 McGraw Hill Bio

QuestionAnswer
allele alternative form of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
dominant observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of the trait
fertilization joining of male and female gametes
gamete male and female sex cells, sperm and eggs
genetics branch of biology that studies heredity
genotype combination of genes in an organsim
heredity passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
heterozygous When there are two different alleles for a trait
homozygous when there are two identical alleles for a trait
hybrid offspring of parents having different different forms of a trait
law of independent assortment Mendel's law stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
law of segregation part of Mendel's laws. States that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce 2 different types of gametes. During fertilization male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles
phenotype outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genes
pollination from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species.
recessive trait that can be masked by a dominant form of a trait
trait characteristic that is inherited. can be dominant or recessive
zygote diploid cell that forms when a sperm fertilizes and egg
crossing over new allele combination that is the result of crossing over of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during meiosis
diploid cell with 2 of each type of chromosome or 2n
egg haploid female sex cell formed during meiosis
genetic recombination caused by crossing over during meiosis. Major source of genetic variation.
haploid cell with one of each kind of chromosome. n number of chromosomes
homologous chromosomes Paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits in the same locations in the same order.
meiosis type of cell division where one body cell produces 4 gametes. Each gamete contains 1/2 the number of chromosomes of the parent cells
nondisjunction occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. Gametes have too many or too few chromosomes.
sexual reproduction reproduction that involves production and eventual fusion of haploid sex cells
sperm haploid male sex cells formed by meiosis
Created by: jljohnson404
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