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Parrot Chapter 10 :)

Chapter 10 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Cell Division Process by which a cell divides.
Asexual Reproduction Produces two genetically identical cells.
Sexual Reproduction Involves fusion of two separate parent cells. Offspring have some of their genetic information from each parent.
Chromosomes Genetic information bundled into packages of DNA
Chromatin Complex of chromosomes and proteins.
Cell Cycle Series of events the cell goes through as it divides. During: Grows, Prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.
Interphase "In-between" period of growth between divisions.
Cytokinesis Second stage of cell division. Division of cytoplasm.
Mitosis First stage of cell division. Division of nucleus.
Prophase First Stage. Longest. Genetic material condenses and chromosomes become visible. Spindle starts to form.
Centromere Where two duplicated strands of DNA molecule are connected.
Chromatid Each strand of DNA in duplicated chromosome. (sister chromatids)
Centrioles Tiny paired structures. Where spindle fibers extend from.
Metaphase Centromeres of duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of cell. Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to two poles of the spindle.
Anaphase Sister chromatids suddenly split and move along the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase Chromosomes spread back out into tangled chromatin.
Cyclin Protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
Growth factors Stimulates the growth and division of cells. Important in embryonic development and wound healing.
Apoptosis Programmed cell death
Cancer Disorder in which cells loose the ability to respond to the signals that control the cell cycle, therefore losing the ability to control growth.
Tumor Mass of cancer cells
Embryo Developmental phase that will eventually result in an adult organism.
Differentiation Process by which cells become specialized into many types of cells.
Totipotent A cell that is able to differentiate into any type of cell in the organism.
Blastocyst A hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass.
Pluripotent Cells that can develop into most, but not all, kinds of cell.
Stem cell Unspecialized cells from which specialized cells differentiate into.
Multipotent Can differentiate into many types of differentiated cells. Used to describe adult stem cells.
Created by: mnbioteach
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