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Chapter 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biodiversity | Variety of organisms considered at all levels, from populations to ecosystem |
| Taxonomy | Science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
| Taxon | Any particular group within a taxonomic system |
| Domain | In a modern taxonomic system, the broadest category; the category that contains kingdoms |
| Binomial Nomenclature | System for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name |
| Subspecies | Taxonomic classification below species that groups organisms that live in different geographical areas, differ morphologically from other populations of the species, but can interbreed with other populations of the species |
| Division | In a traditional taxonomic system for plants, the category contained within a kingdom and containing classes |
| Systematics | Classification of living organisms in terms of their natural relationships; it includes describing, naming, and classifying the organisms |
| Phylogenetics | The analysis of evolutionary relationships between taxa |
| Phylogenetic Diagram | A branching diagram that models the relationships by ancestry between different species or other taxonomic groups |
| Cladistic | A phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa |
| Shared Character | A feature that is shared by all members of a particular group of organisms |
| Derived Character | A feature that evolved only within a particular taxonomic group |
| Clade | A taxonomic grouping that includes only a single ancestor and all of its descendants |
| Cladogram | A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms |
| Archaea | A domain made up of prokaryotes that can live in extreme environments and that are differentiated from other prokaryotes by various important chemical differences; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaebacteria |
| Eukarya | In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
| Bacteria | In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and that reproduce by cell division; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Eubacteria |
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