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CNS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS | Brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system is comprised of what nerves | afferent and efferent |
| Sensory nerves AKA | afferent/dorsal-body to brain |
| Motor nerves AKA | Efferent/Ventral-brain to body |
| amount of CSF flowing | 125-150 mls |
| CSF produced per day | 600 cc |
| Purpose of CSK | -shock absorber -keeps brain bouyant -delivers O2 and nutrients -removes wastes |
| Meninges | dura,arachnoid(collagen and elastin fibers),subarachnoid (filled with CSF),piamater |
| Falx Cebri | runs inferior to superior on cerebrum |
| Tentorum | Seperates cerebellum from occipital |
| Cerebral cortex | outermost layer,involved in higher mental processes,movement,perceptions,visceral funtions |
| Limbic system | Influences emotions, motivation,mood, sensations, pain n pleasure |
| Villis function | increases surface area,protrudes through Dura mater |
| Frontal lobe fx | personality,higher mental processing,voluntary motor function,motivation, agression,mood, speech,morality |
| Basic units of the nervous system | Neurons and neuroglia |
| if MAP falls | cerebral arteries dilate and cerebral flow is maintained |
| Multiple sclerosis causes what | Demyelination |
| Single elongated projection of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body is | axon |
| MOA of naloxone | competes with narcotics at the receptor sites |
| comotose pt with preserved pupillary fx is what cause | metabolic |
| Reflexes allow which event | A response to be generated immediately to a sensory impulse |
| The pain of a cluster headache is concentrated where | in and around one eye/nasal congestion and tearing |
| cannot establish a line need med for seizure IM what med and dose | lorazepam 4mg im , and then diazepam, and then midazolam |
| whats typical of syncope | lightheadiness before event |
| Afferent neurons transmit impulses in which direction | toward the brain |
| Efferent neurons transmit impulses to which locality | muscle tissue |
| what is a characteristics of epilepsy | has no know correctable or avoidable causes |
| auditory aura is a sign of what | seizure |
| compression of the oculomotor nerve results in what response | unilateral fixed dilated pupil |
| Naloxone reverses effects of what class of meds | opium derivatives |
| bundles of parallel axons and the associated sheats are known as what type of matter | white |
| Collection of nerve cells are what color matter | grey matter |
| Gray matter is the site of what in the nervous system | integration |
| 8 D's of stroke management | detection,dispatch,delivery,door,data,decision,drug,disposition |
| 8 D's of stroke decision is for what | Fibrinolytic therapy |
| Most important action to be taken with a stroke patient | rapid transport to appropriate hospital |
| what is a brain abcess | accumalation of pus |
| hyperventilation will cause cerebral blood flow to | decrease |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | usually fatal within 2-4 years of diagnosis |
| Diencephalon contains what | Thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Spina bifida characteristic | a portion of the spinal cord is left exposed |
| 2 major events to cause a stroke | occlusion and hemorrhage |
| in cininati stroke scale whats abnormal | one arm drifts down compared to the other |
| what assesment carries the worst prognosis | flaccidity |
| nodes of ranvier allow what | impulses to jump from one node to the next |
| difference between TIA and stroke | the s/s of TIA resolve within 24 hrs |
| seizure in children with no movement is what | petit mal |
| action potentials are propagated by what | influx of sodium into the neuron |
| Parkinsons is caused by damage to what | basal ganglia |
| Jacksonian is what type of seizure | partial seizure |
| what is true of strokes | 85% of pts have the type that will benefit from fibrinolytic therapy |
| which space in the brain contains CSF | ventricles |
| what is the circle of willis | Safeguard tp ensure continued blood supply to the brain |
| a drop in BP from 200/140 to 100/60 idicates what | the brain has probably herniated |
| an inherited Dx that causes slow progressive degeneration of muscle fibers and causes the pt to die by age 12 | muscular dystrophy |
| worst headache of my life sign of what | hemmorraghic stroke |
| pain by moaning and movement but no other response, no focal findings, into comatose quickly | hysterical |
| the best indicator of a serious neurological condition | rapidly worsening level of consiousness |
| Decerebrate rigidity results from the impairment of what | Subcortical regions of the brain |
| most helpful tool when differenciating between structual or metablioc causes of coma | pupillary response |
| decorticate rigidity | flexor response due to damage of the cortex of the brain |
| Decerebrate rigidity | extend response due to damage of the subcortical areas of the brain |
| Flaccidity | caused by brainstem or cord damage-the worst |
| Babinskis sign (plantar reflex) | abnormal extension on foot in adults |
| dilated pupils not reactive to light whats affected | brainstem or severe cerebral anoxia |
| Cranial nerve III-oculomotor | pupillary reaction |
| cranial nerve II-optic | viual acuity and field |
| Cranial nerve IV -trochlear | eye movement |
| Cranial nerve VII-facial | MOtor fuction of face-smiling |
| Conjugate gaze | deviation of both eyes to either side-damage to brain tissue (lesion) |
| Dysconjugate gaze | deviation of eyes to opposite sides-damage to the brainstem |
| Coma of structural causes effect what sides | one sided or asymmetrical |
| coma od metabolic or toxic causes | finings on both sides of the body |
| AV malformation | abnormal connection between veins and arteries |
| Generalized Seizures | absense seizures,atonic,myoclonic and tonic clonic seizures |
| Absense seizures (peteit mal) | occur most often in children between 4-12 yrs, no posturing or ativity |
| Atonic seizures | abrupt loss of muscle tone (drop attack) sudden collapse |
| Myoclonic seizure | brief muscle contractions, ivolve on arm or foot |
| Tonic clonic seizures | preceded by aura, loss of consiousness, loss of muscle tone, flexion n extention |
| Patial seizure | arises from cortical lesions, may be simple or complex |
| Simple partial seizure | activity in the motor or sensory cortex, clonic activity usually to one body part |
| Jacksonian Seizure | partial seizure activity that spreads in an orderly way to surrounding areas |
| non epileptic seizure (hysterical or pseudo) | can mimic a true seizure, do not respond to usual treatment, ended by sharp commands |
| Tension Headache | caused by muscle contractions of the face,neck and scalp. dull persistant and non throbbing |
| Migraine | severe,incapacitating. preceded by visual or GIdisturbabnces , throbbing pain on one side of the head-associated wiith constriction and diilation of vld vsls |
| cluster headaches | occur in bursts, begin several hours after falling asleep,-located in or around one eye |
| sinus headache | pain in forehead,nasal area and eyes |
| brain abcess | accumalation of pus |
| Dementia | slow progressive loss of awarness of time and place,irreversible |
| Alzheimers disease | nerve cells in the cerebral cortex die and the brain substance shrinks |
| Picks disease-(frontaltemporal dementia) | neurodegenerative disease, shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes (FTD) |
| Huntingtons disease | genetically programmed degeneration of neurons.-causes uncontrolled ,ovements, loss of intellectual daculties and emotional disturbances. (passed from parent to child) |
| Creutzfeldt-jakobdisease (CJD) | fatal brain disorder-occurs at age 60,die within 1 yr. rapidly progressive dementia,personality changes,involuntary movements |
| Muscular dystrophy | inherited muscle disorder-affects mostly male children |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | demyelination-autoimmune dx.numbness, tingling to paralysis |
| guillain-barre syndrom (GBS) | rare autoimmune disorder, affects the bodys peripheral nervous system,weakness, tingling in legs spead to arms eventually paralysis |
| Dystonia | local or diffuse changes in muscle tone-painful muscle spasms |
| torticollis | a painful neck spasm |
| parkinsons disease | degeneration of nerve cells in the basal ganglia, muscles are overly tensed, tremors, slow movement, shuffling walk |
| Normal pressue hydrocephalu (NPH) | abnormal incears in cerebrospinal fluid in the cavities |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia (central pain syndrom) | dx of the trigeminal nerve V-paroxysmal episodes of excrutiating pain to the fave,cheeks,lips,gums or chin |
| Acoustic Neuroma | noncancerous tumor that involves the acoustic nerve VIII, grows slowly, affects hearing and balance |
| Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia | i9rritation of cranial nerve IX-severe pain in the ear, nose and throat |
| hemifacial spasm | frequent involuntary contractions of muscles on one side of the face, caused by bld vessel that presses on the facial nerve VII |
| Bell's Palsy | paralysis of the facial muscles, caused by inflammation of the facial nerve VII-temporary, happens suddenly |
| Amyotrphic lateral sclerosis (ALS)Lou Gehrigs disease | Motor neuron disease-people over 50,more common in men, deterioration of both upper and lower neuron tracts* death occurs 2-4 yrs |
| Progressive Bulbar palsy | only muscles of the tongue, jaw fance and larynx are involved |
| Primary lateral sclerosis | when only corticospinal processes are affected |
| PROGRESSIVE SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY | only lower motor neurons are affected |
| Peripheral neuropathy | damage to or irritaion of either the axons or their myelin sheaths to the peripheral nervous system |
| Spina bifida | congential defect-vertebra fails to develop, spinal cord is exposed |
| Spina bifida occulta | most commonand least serious-little evidence of defect |
| Spina bifida meningocele | nerve tissue of the spinal cordusually is intactand covered with sac |
| Spinabifida Myelomeningocele | severest form, severly handicappedmalformed spinal cord |
Created by:
rebeccabelleth
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