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Parrot Chapter 2 :)
Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | The basic unit of matter. |
| Nucleus | composed of protons and neutrons,found in the center of the an atom. |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus. |
| Element | A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain. |
| Compound | A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. |
| Ionic Bond | Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| Ions | Positively and negatively charged atoms. |
| Covalent Bonds | Formed when atoms share electrons |
| Molecule | The structure that results when atoms are joined by covalent bonds. |
| Van Der Waals Forces | The attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. |
| Hydrogen Bond | The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge. |
| Cohesion | An attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances. |
| Mixture | A material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined. |
| Solution | In a mixture when particles are evenly dispersed. |
| Solute | The substance that is being dissolved. |
| Solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves. |
| Suspensions | Occurs when a substance does not dissolve into water and only breaks into small pieces that cannot settle out. |
| pH Scale | A scale used to indicate the concentration of positive hydrogen ions in a solution. |
| Monomers | Small structural units, when linked together make larger structures such as polymers. |
| Polymers | Large structures formed from the joining of monomers. |
| Carbohydrates | Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. |
| Monosaccharides | Single sugar molecules |
| Lipids | A large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water. |
| Nucleic Acids | Macromolecules containing hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. |
| Nucleotides | Individual monomers of nucleic acids. Consist of three parts: a 5-Carbon sugar, a phosphate group (PO4-), and a nitrogenous base. |
| Protiens | Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Polymers of amino acids. |
| Amino Acids | Compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end. Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another. |
| Reactants | The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. |
| Products | The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. |
| Activation Energy | Energy needed to get reaction started. |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| Enzymes | Proteins that act as biological catalysts. |
| Substrates | Reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. |
| Base | A compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution. Have pH higher than 7. |
| Acid | And compound that forms H+ ions in solution. Have pH lower than 7. |
| Buffers | Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
Created by:
mnbioteach
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