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Ch. 57 Diabetes
Pharmacology for Nurses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gluconegenesis | liver produces it own glucose supply |
| Islets of Langerhans | cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon |
| Diabetes mellitus | deficient gluscose metabolism form insufficient insulin secreting form the beta cell of the isletsof Langerhans |
| Gestational Diabetes | Glucose intolerance with onset during pregancy |
| Gestational Diabetes | treatment includes diet, exercise, and insulin; generally returns ti normal after delivery; higher risk for developing Type II DM |
| Type I | Autoimmunue or idipathic; absolute insulin deficiency; hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis; juvenile onset |
| Type II | Decreased insulin production or insulin resistance; obesity, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity; adult onset- but not anymore |
| Type II | the most common type – heredity and obesity play a large role. Some beta cell function with varying amounts of insulin secretion. |
| 3 body systems involved in serum glucose regulation | Liver, Pancreas, skeletal muscles |
| Criteria to Diagnose Diabetes | Causal Plasma Glucose Test = >200 mg/dl without regard to meal |
| Criteria to Diagnose Diabetes | Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) Test= 126 mg/ml after 8 hours of fasting |
| Lab Values | Glucose = 70-100: Hypoglycemia <60 |
| Lab Values | Electrolytes; K= 3.5-5 |
| Lab Values | Hgb A1c = 7%; . Hgb A1c measures glycemic control for the previous 60-90 days – (it is basically a “tattle tale” for how the client has managed their blood sugar, what they have eaten) |
| Lab Values | cholesterol; Triglycerides; People with Type II diabetes will tend to have high cholesterol and triglycerides |
| Complication of Diabetes | MI, Atherosclerotic vascular disease, CVA, cataracts/ glaucoma. blindness, infections of leg/ foot ulcers. gastroparesis |