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Ch 3 Cells PF/SF
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cyt- | cell |
| endo- | within |
| hyper- | above |
| hypo- | below |
| inter- | between |
| iso- | equal |
| mit- | thread |
| phag- | to eat |
| pino- | to drink |
| -som | body |
| cytoplasm | the contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus and cell membrane |
| cytosol | clear liquid in the cytoplasm. |
| cytoskeleton | a cell's microscopic framework of protein filaments and tubules |
| organelles | a part of a cell that performs a specialized function |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle composed of a system of connected membranous tubules and vesicles along which protein is synthesized |
| ribosomes | organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for protein synthesis and includes RNA molecules that function as enzymes |
| golgi apparatus | an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion |
| mitochondria | organelle housing enzymes that catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration |
| lysosomes | organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| peroxisomes | a small organelle that is present in the cytoplasm of many cells and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases. |
| centrosome | cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles |
| cilia | microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells |
| flagella | motile tail-like structure on sperm cell |
| vesicle | membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by infolding of the cell membrane |
| nucleolus | a small structure within the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins |
| chromosome | rodlike structure that condenses from chromatin in a cell's nucleus during mitosis |
| chromatin | DNA and complexed protein that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis |
| simple diffusion | Process by which molecules or ions scatter or spread spontaneously from regions where they are in higher concentrations toward regions where they are in lower concentrations. |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion in which carrier molecules or ion channels transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient. |
| isotonic | a solution with the same osmotic pressure as the solution with which it is compared |
| hypertonic | a solution with a greater osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared |
| hypotonic | a solution with a lower osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared |
| hydrostatic pressure | pressure exerted by fluids, such as blood pressure |
| edema | fluid accumulation within tissue spaces |
| active transport | process that requires energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually against the concentration gradient |
| endocytosis | Process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesicle. |
| exocytosis | Transport of substances out of a cell in membrane bounded vesicles. |
| pinocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings. |
| phagocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs and digests solids. |
| mitosis | Division of a somatic cell nucleus in the process of forming two genetically identical cells. |
| meiosis | Cell division that halves the genetic material, resulting in egg and sperm cells |
| gametogenesis | first part of meiosis; the formation of egg cells and sperm cells. |
| cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm. |
| interphase of cell cycle | the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division. |
| prophase | Stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible. |
| metaphase | Stage in mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. |
| anaphase | Stage in mitosis when duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell. |
| telophase | Stage in mitosis when newly formed cells separate. |
| cell differentiation | Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. |
| stem cell | An undifferentiated cell that can divide to yield two daughter stem cells, or a stem cell and a progenitor cell. |
| progenitor cell | A daughter cell of a stem cell that is partially specialized. |
| apoptosis | Programmed cell death. |
| metastasis | the spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part. |
| hyperplasia | Excess cell division in a tissue. |
Created by:
hannahpiper
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