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Ch. 28 Opioids

Pharmacology for Nurses

QuestionAnswer
Intro to Opioids Opioids are drugs that reduce pain without causing loss of consciouness
Morphine MS Contin, Kadian, Avinza, Roxanol, Astrmorph, Duramorph, DepoDur
Morphine: Adverse Effects Elevates intracranial pressure (ICP) by suppressing respiration and increasing CO2 in blood causing cerebral vasodilation. Monitor ICP
Morphine: Adverse Effects Tolerance can be caused if morphine is used continuously and over long periods of time
Morphine: Adverse Effects Morphine toxicity: treat with opioid agonist like naloxone (NARCAN) or nalmefene (Revex)
Morphine: Adverse Effects Prep, Dosage, and Administration: PO dose will be higher due to liver metabolism of drug
Fentanyl Sublimaze, Duragesic, Fentora, Actiq, Ionsys
Fentanyl 100 times more potent than morphine
Fentanyl Avoid heat and avoid friction and heat over patch because it can cause an increase in release of med.
Fentanyl Teach to avoid sun tanning and hot baths with path on
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) The patient self-administer parenteral opioids as needed (transdermal, IV, subQ, epidural)
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) most commonly used in postoperative pateints, but is used is patients affected by cancer, trauma, MI, sickle cell disease and labor
Opioid Antagonists- Naloxone (Narcan) Pharmacologic effects include blocking opioid action if administered prior to opiod and reversing analgesia, sedation, euphoria, and respiratory depression after opioid administration
Opioid Antagonists- Naloxone (Narcan) Can be administered IV, IM, subQ, and effects beginning 2-5 minutes after admin and lasting 1 hour
Created by: emv2435
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