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Blalock Genetics

GA S7L3 Genetics & Heredity

QuestionAnswer
different forms of a single gene allele
a genetically determined characteristic such as hair color or leaf shape biological traits
bred from parents of the same breed or variety purebred
one generation after another successive generations
a person's child or children; an animal's young offspring
the mathematical chance that an event will occur probability
an organism's inherited appearance phenotype
a structure located in the nucleus of a cell, made of DNA, that contains the genetic information needed to carry out cell functions and make new cells chromosomes
the inherited combination of alleles genotype
hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell; contains the information to make new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins DNA
a tool used to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles from parents Punnett square
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics genetics
a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited recessive trait
a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA mutation
having identical alleles for a single trait homozygous
the record of descent of an animal showing it is a purebred pedigree
the trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a charcterisitc is inherited dominant trait
having two different alleles for a single trait heterozygous
segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from parent to offspring; located on chromosomes genes
the passing of traits from parents to offspring heredity
father of genetics Gregor Mendel
the breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait selective breeding
the manipulation of genes that allows scientists to put genes from one organism into another genetic engineering
What did Mendel use to study genetics? pea plants
What are the organizational levels of heredity from the largest level to the smallest level? cell organelles nucleus chromosomes genes DNA
How many chromosomes do humans have? 46 (23 pairs)
Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes? No...every organism has a unique number of chromosomes
What is the percentage that a square on a Punnett square represents? 25%
How many chromosomes can a gene have? thousands
What does a gene control? all of our traits
Females have __________ chromosomes. 2 X
Males have ___________ chromosomes 1 X and 1 Y
Why do identical twins have the same DNA? because they came from the same egg and sperm
List 4 observable traits. height, hair color, eye color, skin type
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