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BiologyCh13Campbell
Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many genes are present in the human genome? | tens of thousands |
| What is a locus? | the precise location of a gene on a chromosome |
| Sexual and asexual reproduction are alike in that _____. | they can both occur in multicellular organisms |
| A clone is the product of _____. | asexual reproduction mitosis |
| Unless the chromosomes were stained to show band patterns, a karyotype would be least likely to show which of the following? | part of a chromosome turned around Correct. An inversion, which affects neither the number of chromosomes nor the length of a chromosome, is generally difficult to detect without staining to show chromosomal bands. |
| A karyotype is _____. | a photograph of all of an individual's chromosomes Correct. Karyotypes, ordered displays of an individual's chromosomes, are useful in identifying chromosomal abnormalities. |
| Fertilization produces _____. | a diploid zygote Correct. Fertilization always involves the fusion of gametes and produces a diploid zygote. |
| Which if any of the following statements is true? Diploid cells can divide by mitosis Diploid cells can divide by meiosis Haploid cells can divide by mitosis Haploid cells cannot divide by meiosis | ****All of the above responses are correct |
| Which of the following is part of the life cycle called alternation of generations? multicellular haploid stage-gametophyte multicellular diploid stage-sporophyte zygote spores | ****All of the above |
| The sexual cycle of the multicellular algal genus Fucus involves _____. | mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization Correct. All multicellular organisms undergo mitosis, and all diploid, sexually reproducing organisms undergo meiosis and fertilization, which are complementary processes. |
| A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of _____. | fungi |
| In sexually reproducing species, the chromosome number remains stable over time because _____ and _____ always alternate. | meiosis ... fertilization |
| The egg (ovum) of a rabbit contains 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic (body) cells of a rabbit? | 44 Correct. Haploid sex cells contain half as many chromosomes as diploid somatic cells. |
| In a diploid cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing _____ chromosomes. | 5 Correct. Haploid sex cells contain half as many chromosomes as diploid somatic cells. |
| How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? | 22 |
| Sister chromatids _____. | are identical copies of each other formed during DNA synthesis |
| Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? | They have genes for the same traits at the same loci. |
| Humans have 46 chromosomes. This number of chromosomes will be found in _____. | liver cells |
| When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____. | its cells have a single set of chromosomes |
| Which of the following is a function of mitosis in humans? | multiplication of body cells Correct. This is a function of mitosis in humans. It is mitosis that enables a multicellular adult to form from a fertilized egg and produces cells for growth and tissue repair. |
| Somatic cells in humans contain _____ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed _____. | two ... diploid Correct. Somatic cells in interphase contain the characteristic diploid chromosome number. |
| Nearly all life cycles have both haploid and diploid phases. Usually, the transition from haploid to diploid takes place _____. | at fertilization, when gametes fuse Correct. The union of haploid gametes at fertilization produces the zygote, or fertilized egg, which marks the beginning of the diploid phase of the life cycle. |
| Spores and gametes are different in that _____. | gametes can fuse to form a zygote, but spores can develop into independent organisms without first forming a zygote Correct. Unlike a gamete, a spore gives rise to a multicellular organism without fusing with another cell. |
| Which of the following results in cells that contain half the parental chromosome number? | meiosis |
| At the end of telophase I of meiosis and the first cytokinesis, there are _____. | two haploid cells |
| What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? | four haploid cells |
| Synapsis occurs during _____. | prophase I |
| Which of the following occurs during anaphase II? | Sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles. |
| Which of the following occurs during anaphase I? | Homologs separate and migrate toward opposite poles. |
| Cytokinesis is the _____. | division of one cell into two |
| What is the function of meiosis? | to make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes |
| Crossing over occurs during _____. | prophase I Correct. Crossing over resulting in genetic recombination occurs during this phase. |
| Regions of chromosomes where nonsister chromatids cross over are called _____. | chiasmata |
| The synaptonemal complex _____. | physically connects homologous chromosomes during prophase I Correct. The synaptonemal complex helps to line up homologous chromosomes gene by gene. |
| An organism has a haploid chromosome number n = 4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis? | four (It will form 8 diploids) |
| Which event occurs only during prophase I of the first meiotic division? | Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs |
| In a male mammal, every cell that undergoes meiosis gives rise to _____ sperm. | four |
| Which of the following occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis? | Homologous chromosomes separate. |
| Which function makes meiosis lengthier and more complex than mitosis? | decreasing the chromosome number to haploid introducing genetic variation among the daughter cells ensuring that each daughter cell gets a single, complete set of chromosomes undergoing two rounds of cytokinesis ***all of the above |
| Regarding the role of cohesin protein in maintaining cohesion between sister chromatids, which of the following statements is false? | During meiosis II, cohesion holds sister chromatids along their lengths as the second meiotic spindle forms. |
| Ignoring crossover, how many kinds of gametes can be produced by an organism with a diploid number of 8? | 16 Correct. The number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes during meiosis is 2n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes. |
| Which of the following contributes to genetic variation in sexually reproducing species? | random fertilization, independent assortment, crossing over |
| In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is 23. Independent assortment has the possibility of producing _____ different types of gametes | 2^23 Correct. For each gamete there are two possibilities for each chromosome (the paternal or the maternal chromosome), and there are 23 different chromosomes per gamete. |
| The diploid number of chromosomes in a certain animal is 8 (2n = 8). How do the four pairs of homologous chromosomes align and separate during meiosis? | They align and assort independently to form any of 16 different combinations. |
| In a diploid set of chromosomes, 1 member of each pair of homologous chromosomes is derived from thepaternal, and the other comes from the maternal. If 2n=6, what is the probability of obtaining a gamete in which all the chromosomes are paternal ones? | 1/8 |
| The major contribution of sex to evolution is that _____. | it provides a method to increase genetic variation |
| Which of the following answers is not involved nor an outcome of crossing over? | the random alignment of homologous pairs of chromosome at metaphase I |
| Which of the following statements reflects an advantage that sexual reproduction likely provides over asexual reproduction? | Although energetically more costly than asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction leads to different combinations of alleles that could provide adaptability in a changing environment. |
| Although _____ is nearly universal among animals, bdelloid rotifers _____. | sexual reproduction ... reproduce asexually but can increase genetic variation present in a population by means of the uptake of DNA from other rotifers |
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