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6.1 Vocabulary
Terms for chapter six section one: Modern Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autotrophs | organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds. |
| photosynthesis | the process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds. |
| heterotrophs | animals and other organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances. |
| light reactions | light energy (absorbed from the sun)is converted to chemical, which is temporarily stored in ATP and the energy carrier molecule NADPH. (they require light to happen) |
| Calvin Cycle | Organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH. |
| chloroplasts | organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. |
| thylakoids | a system of membranes that are arranged as flattened sacs. |
| grana | layered and connected stacks of thylakoids. |
| stroma | the solution surrounding the grana. |
| pigments | compounds that absorb light. |
| chlorophylls | a pigment located in the membrane of the thylakoids. they don't absorb much green light and instead allow green light to be reflected or transmitted. for this reason, leaves and other plant structures that contain large amounts of chlorophyll look green. |
| carotenoids | a yellow, orange, or brown plant pigment. |
| photosystem | each cluster of pigment molecules and the proteins that the pigment molecules are embedded in. |
| primary electron acceptor | a molecule in the thylakoid membrane that is the acceptor of the electrons lost from chlorophyll a. |
| electron transport chain | the first of a series of molecules located in the thylakoid membrane. |
| chemiosmosis | the process by which ATP in synthesized. |