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absite cell biol
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what causes cells to be negative inside relative to outside | Na/K ATPase (3 out and K in) |
| what are tight jxns | cell-cell occluding to form impermeable barrier (ie epithelium) |
| what are gap jxns | communication bw cells, subunit is connexins |
| what is the ABO Ag | glycolipid on cell membrane |
| what is the HLA Ag | glycoprotein on cell membrane |
| what is G1, S part of cell cycle | protein synthesis, chromosomal duplication |
| what is G2, M part of cell cycle | mitosis, nucleus divides |
| what part of cell cycle determines cell cycle length | G1, that is most variable |
| what part of cell cycle do growth factors affect | G1 |
| what part of cell cycle then turns to quiescence | G1 goes to G0 |
| what happens in prophase | centromere attach, spindle formation, nucleus disappears |
| what happens in metaphse | chromosome alignment |
| name stages of mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| what happens in anaphase | chromosomes pull apart |
| what happens in telophase | separate nucleus reform around ea set of chromosome |
| what are parts of nucleus membrane | dbl membrane, outer contains ER |
| what is nucleolus, what happens there | inside the nucleus, no membrane, ribosomes made here |
| how do steroid hormones work | bind receptors in cytoplasm, then enters nucleus and acts as t-factor |
| how do thyroid hormones work | bind receptor in nucleus, then acts as t-factor |
| what do initiation factors bind | RNA polymerase |
| purines incl | guanine and adenine |
| pyrimidines include | cytosine, thymidine (only in DNA), uracil (only in RNA) |
| name steps of translation | tRNA-peptide complex comes to A site on ribosome, bond is made w forming chain on P site and empty tRNA released |
| where does krebs cycle occur | inner membrane of mitochondria |
| how many ATP goes 1glu make via glycolysis | 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate |
| how many ATP created from Krebs cycle | 36 |
| describe steps of Krebs cycle | 1glu goes to 2 pyruvate, creates NADH and FADH2->acetyl coA enters electron transport chain and creates 36 ATP |
| what happens in gluconeogenesis | lactic acid and aa are converted to glu [ie glycolysis in reverse, Cori cycle in liver takes lactic acid from mscl] |
| rough ER creates, incrsd in what cell types | exported proteins (ie pancreatic acinar cells) |
| smooth ER creates, increased in what cell types | lipid/steroid synthesis, detoxifies drugs (incrsd in liver and adrenal cortex) |
| what happens in golgi apparatus | modifies proteins w carb, proteins then transported to cell membrane and are either secreted or targeted to lysosomes |
| role of lysosomes | digestive enzymes that degrade engulfed particles and wornout organelles |
| role of phagosomes | engulf large particles that fuse w lysosomes |
| role of endosomes | engulf small particles that fuse w lysosomes |
| prot K C is activated by what | activated by Ca and diacylglycerol |
| Prot Kinase A is activated by what | cAMP, then phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins |
| name 3 intermediate filaments and the cell types | keratin (hair/nails), desmin (mscl), vimentin (fibroblasts) |
| roles of microtubules | form cilia, neuronal axons, mitotic spindles and involved in transport of organelles inside cell |
| what's centriole | specialized microtubule involved in cell division, forms spindle fibers which pull chromosomes apart |
Created by:
ehstephns
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