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Positioning Chptr 17
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 Parts of the Digestive System: | Accessory Glands & Alimentary Canal |
| Accessory Glands consist of: (SLGP) | Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas |
| Purpose of the accessory glands? | Secrete digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal |
| The alimentary canal is a ______________ tube that extends from the ________ to the _________. | Musculomembranous Tube; Mouth to the Anus |
| The alimentary canal in order: (MPE SSLA) | Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines, Anus |
| The long muscular tube that carries food and saliva from the laryngopharynx to the stomach: | Esophagus |
| Give the four layers of the esophagus and the rest of the alimentary canal from the outside inward: | Fibrous, Muscular, Submucosal, Mucosal |
| The esophagus lies anterior to the __________ and posterior to the __________ and __________. | Vertebrae; Trachea & Heart |
| The top of the esophagus is at what level? | C6 or upper margin of the thyroid cartilage |
| The inferior portion of the esophagus passes through the diaphragm at approximately _____ and curves sharply to the ______ and increases in diameter to join the stomach at the _____________ junction at the level of the __________ at approx. ______. | T-10; Left; Esophagogastric Junction; Xiphoid tip; T-11 |
| What is the expanded portion of the terminal esophagus called? | Cardiac Antrum |
| The dilated, saclike portion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and the small intestine: | Stomach |
| The four layers of the stomach from the outside inward: | Fibrous layer, Muscular layer, Submucosal layer, Mucosal layer |
| Four parts of the stomach: | 1)Cardia 2)Fundus 3)Body 4)Pyloric portion |
| This surrounds the esophageal opening of the stomach: | Cardia |
| Uppermost portion of the stomach: | Fundus |
| In the upright position what is the fundus typically filled with? | Gas |
| This portion of the stomach begins at the level of the cardiac notch: | Body |
| The longitudinal folds in the mucosal layer of the body of the stomach: | Rugae |
| The body of the stomach ends at the _______ ______. | Angular Notch |
| After the Angular notch is the ___________ portion of the stomach which consists of the ___________ __________ immediately to the right of the Angular Notch then the more narrow _________ _________ that communicates with the _____________ _______ . | Pyloric; Pyloric Antrum; Pyloric Canal; Duodenal Bulb |
| List in order the pyloric sections of the stomach from the Angular notch to the duodenal bulb: | Pyloric Antrum, Pyloric Canal, Pyloric Orifice, Pyloric Sphincter |
| The curvature on the right border of the stomach is the __________ curvature and begins at the ______________ ____________ and ends at the ____________. | Lesser; Esophagogastric Junction; Pylorus |
| The left inferior border of the stomach is called the ___________ curvature and begins at the ___________ ________ and follows the ________ curvature of the ________ down to the ____________. | Greater; Cardiac Notch; Convex; Body; Pylorus |
| The greater curvature of the stomach is _____ to _____ times larger than the lesser curvature. | Four to Five |
| The entrance and exits to the stomach are controlled by __________ muscles. The ___________ __________ controls the cardiac orifice and the ___________ ___________ controls the pyloric orifice. | Sphincter; Cardiac sphincter; Pyloric Sphincter |
| The body habitus whereby the stomach is almost horizontal and high: | Hypersthenic |
| The body habitus whereby the stomach is vertical and maintains a low position: | Asthenic |
| Food that has been mechanically and chemically altered in the stomach is transported to the duodenum as a material called __________. | Chyme |
| Another name for the large intestine? | Colon |
| The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus that lies in the abdomen is the ___________ ________. | Cardiac Antrum |
| Approximately how long is the alimentary canal? | 29-30 feet |
| The act of swallowing is called __________. | Deglutition |
| What position helps the peristalsis motion of the stomach? | RAO |
| What is the muscular opening between the stomach and duodenum? | Pyloric Sphincter |
| Body habitus where the stomach is almost horizontal and high? | Hypersthenic |
| Body habitus where the stomach is vertical and occupies a low position? | Asthenic |
| What are the main functions of the stomach? | Storage and breaking down of food |
| What structure serves as a passage for food and air? | Pharynx |
| The small intestine is divided into ______ portions. The widest and shortest portion is the ____________ which is approximately ____ to _____ long. | 3; Duodenum; 8 to 10 inches |
| The fingerlike projections in the mucosa of the small intestines are the _______ which assist in the process of _____________ and ____________. | Villi; Digestion and absorption |
| Approximate measurement of the small intestine: | 22 feet long x 1.5" (proximally) & 1" distally |
| What is the most distal portion of the small intestine? | Ileum |
| What is the cartilage that prevents food from entering the larynx? | Epiglottis |
| Where is the esophagus in relation to the larynx? | Posterior |
| The esophagus joins the stomach at the ________________ __________ which is at the level of _______ or the __________ _________. | Esophagogastric Junction; T-11; Xiphoid Tip |
| The esophagus joins the stomach at the esophagogastric junction through an opening called the _________ _________. | Cardiac Orifice |
| What is the dilated portion of the distal esophagus? | Cardiac Antrum |
| How many divisions of the stomach and what are they? | 4; Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus |
| The lateral border of the stomach is called the __________ _________. | Greater Curvature |
| Barium in the prone position would be in what part of the stomach? | Body and Pylorus |
| What part of the stomach is attached to the duodenum? | Pyloric portion |
| How long does it usually take for barium to pass through the alimentary canal? | 24 hours |
| What are some contrast mediums used? | Barium, Gastrograffin, Air |
| What portion of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb? | Superior or first |
| Food that mixes with gastric secretions and is mechanically broken down and transported to the duodenum as _________. | Chyme |
| The projection and body position that best demonstrates the esophagus? | PA/RAO |
| What is the degree of obliquity for a PA oblique projection of the esophagus? | 35-40 degrees |
| What is the recommended body position for radiographs of the esophagus? | Recumbent |
| What are the advantages of a recumbent position for the esophagus? | Complete filling of the esophagus and varices |
| What portion of the GI tract does absorption take place? | Small Intestine |
| For a lateral projection of the esophagus, what plane is centered to the grid? | Mid-Coronal |
| When the stomach is in a high transverse position, what body habitus is this? | Hypersthenic |
| What is the patient preparation for a morning stomach exam? | NPO after midnight |
| How many hours NPO for a stomach exam? | 8 hours |
| Routine contrast methods for exams of the stomach? | Single and Double Contrast |
| What is an advantage of using double contrast? | Mucosal lining and lesions are better observed |
| For a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum, what plane is centered to the IR? | Sagittal plane midway between the vertebral column and the mid coronal plane of the elevated side |
| What is used for negative contrast? | Sodium Bicarbonate |
| What is true about barium sulfate? | Must be well stirred |
| What clinical condition would be reason to use a water soluble contrast agent? | Perforated Bowel |
| What is the degree of body rotation for a PA projection, RAO position of the stomach and duodenum? | 40-70 degrees |
| What body habitus would require the greatest degree of rotation for a PA projection, RAO position of the stomach and duodenum? | Hypersthenic |
| What position would best demonstrate the entire stomach and duodenal bulb and C-Loop in profile? | RAO |
| What patient care concern would prevent using water-soluble contrast agent? | Allergy to iodine |
| What position would you use a positioning sponge? | AP Oblique |
| Where is the fluoro tube? | Under the table |
| AP Oblique radiograph of the stomach requires how much rotation? | 30-60 degrees |
| What body position will show the fundus filled with barium? | LPO |
| What projection will demonstrate the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stomach? | Lateral |
| Which of the following in NOT radiation protection? | Intensity |
| Which protects techs the most during fluoro? | Distance |
| What is an enlarged recess or out-pouching in the esophagus? | Zenkers |
| What is a bezoar? | A mass formed in the stomach by undigested food |
| What is gastritis? | Inflammation of the intestinal lining |
| Esophagram is centered where? | T5-T6 |
| How much do you oblique the patient for an esophagram? | 35-40 degrees |
Created by:
foster1317
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