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Bio Midterm Words

Biology midterm words and definitions

QuestionAnswer
What is glycolysis? The release of energy and the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid
Where does glycolysis take place? Cytoplasm
How does glycolysis work? Glucose splits into 3 carbon molecules (Pyruvic Acid)
Energy needed for glycolysis 2 ATP
Energy produced from glycolysis 4 ATP
Net gain of glycolysis 2 ATP
When does anaerobic respiration take place? When no oxygen is available
Where does anaerobic respiration take place? Cytoplasm
Where does alcoholic fermentation take place? Cytoplasm of yeast cells
Where does lactic acid production take place? Cytoplasm of muscle cells
What is the equation for cellular respiration? C6H1206 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
The mitochondria is made of of what two membranes? Outer membrane and inner membrane
Cristae Inner folds of the membrane
Matrix Regions surrounding the cristae
Where does aerobic respiration take place? Mitochondria
When does aerobic respiration take place? When oxygen is present
How does aerobic respiration work? Pyruvic acid-->Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)-->ETC (32-34 ATP)
What is a calorie? The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 Celsius degree
What is cellular respiration? The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen
What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis, Krebs, and the electron transport chain
Fermentation Releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen
What happens during the Krebs Cycle? Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
What happens during the electron transport chain? It uses high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP
How to calculate surface area of a cell Multiply its length x width x number of sides
How to calculate the volume of a cell Multiply its length x width x height
Chromosomes Made up of DNA and proteins, they carry genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)It is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA
Histone A globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
Chromatin A granular material visible within the nucleus, and consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Chromosomes Threadlike structures within the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Double stranded chromosome When two single stranded chromosomes are attached together by a centromere.
Created by: LVTMR
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