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Science Ch 4 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. |
| chloroplasts | a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
| cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | a biological molecule found in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a network of membrane-covered chemicals within a cell that transports materials |
| enzymes | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| gene | a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
| gene mutation | a change in the specific order of the A, G, C, and T bases that make up a particular gene. |
| gene therapy | techniques developed to alter mutated genes in order to make them function normally. |
| Golgi Body | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| hormones | a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. |
| mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| mutagens | substances or factors that can cause mutation in DNA. |
| negative mutation | a mutation that harms a an organism or reduces the probability that organisms with the mutation can produce offspring or survive in their environment. |
| neutral mutation | a mutation that does not affect the organism or does not increase or decrease the survival rate of the organism |
| nuclear membrane | the thin outer membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus |
| nuclear pores | openings in the nuclear membrane that allow only certain materials into and out of the nucleus. |
| nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth |
| organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| positive mutation | a mutation that benefits an organism |
| proteins | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms |
| ribosome | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| vacuoles | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| vesicles | membrane covered sacs that form off the ends of endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body an that transport proteins, nutrients, and water into, out of and around the inside of a cell |
Created by:
jacob.harris
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