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SCIENCE MID TERM!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the challenge of agriculture? | To feed the world while also preserving the biosphere |
| When does biomass increase the fastest? Why? | During ecological succession. This is because photosynthesis goes directly to plant growth |
| What is the most efficient way to grow plants? | With good sunlight on well fertilized and watered open land |
| Name 3 issues associated with agriculture today | 1- Traditional plowing of large areas of land increases the risk for soil erosion. 2- Planting large areas with a single crop makes it easy for pests to find food sources and places to live 3- Mass amounts of energy required |
| Minerals from soil and water are taken up by plants during the process of what? | Photosynthesis |
| What is the key to a healthy ecosystem? | Good soil |
| How was soil first created? | Weather forms of erosion. (wind, water, ice) |
| Soil | Mixture of: minerals, organic matter, water, and air |
| 3 major layers of soil | Topsoil subsoil and parent material |
| Soil Profile | the succession of distinct soil layers from the surface down to the unchanged parent material beneath it |
| What horizon is the topsoil known as? | The A horizon. Dark brown because of the hummus it contains |
| Humus | highly decomposed plant and animal residue that is part of the soil |
| What horizon is the subsoil? | The B Horizon. Poor in organic content |
| What horizon is the parent material? | The C horizon. not part of the soil itself |
| Characteristics of sand soil | Can absorb a lot of water yet drain very quickly so they retain no water |
| Characteristics of clay soil | Very compacted and have trouble penetrating water creating them to not drain well |
| Characteristics of Loam soil | equal amounts of sand and silt. best for growing crops |
| Major essential nutrients supplied through soil | Nitrogen phosphorus potash calcium magnesium sulfur |
| How are minerals released? | Through erosion of native rocks, decomposition of organic matter, and deposition with soil from flood waters |
| What nutrients are of particular interest to farmers? | Nitrogen potassium and phosphorus |
| Nitrogen | Produces the rich green color of the plant and influences the fruit of the plant and its nutrient content |
| Phosphorus | Creates the plant to grow rapidly |
| Potassium | Encourages the development of healthy root system. Plays role in the synthesis of starch and movement of carbohydrates |
| pH | the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. Scale ranges from 0-14 |
| Why is pH important? | because it affects the availability of soil nutrients that a plant needs to grow efficiently |
| How do you increase pH in a plant? | add lime |
| Soil Erosion | the process by which the soil particles are carried away by wind or water |
| What human activities cause this? | wood gathering, overgrazing, poor farming practices, and clearing for construction |
| Conservation Tillage | leaving crop residue on the surface which reduces erosion conserves moisture and improves root development |
| Cover and Green Manure | Grasses are planted in a cropping system to reduce erosion |
| Strip Cropping | Strips of a row crop are alternated with soil-conserving strips of small grain such as grass |
| Terraces | Creating slopes that intercept run off and reduces erosion |
| Wind break | strip of large plants planted next to a field |
| Aquifer | Body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit ground water |
| Cone of depression | Occurs in an aquifer when ground water is pumped from a well |
| Confined Aquifer | Aquifers that are wedged in between two impermeable materials and are always under pressure |
| Confining Bed | A body of impermeable material adjacent to an aquifer |
| Groundwater | water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock |
| Permeability | State of being penetrated by liquids |
| Porosity | able to absorb fluids. The state of being permeable |
| Unconfined aquifer | Able to receive water from the surface directly above |
| Water Table | the level below the ground which is saturated with water |
| Zone of Saturation | the area in an aquifer below the water table |
| Artesian Well | Well under pressure |
| Watershed | An area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off it goes to the same body of water |
| Pollution Plume | Point source pollution through a water table |
| Artesian Aquifer | A confined aquifer containing groundwater that will flow upwards through a well without the need of pumping |
Created by:
sportsgrl226
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