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Med Terminol
Medical Terminology 1
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic syndrome caused by insulin deficiency |
| diabet | r -diabetes |
| ic | s-pertaining to |
| hypotension | low bp |
| hypo | p- below |
| tens | r- pressure |
| ive | s- pertaining to, quality of |
| ion | s- condition, action |
| hypotensive | suffering from low bp (hypotension) |
| ketoacidosis | excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic |
| sis | s- abnormal condition |
| ket/o | r/cf - ketone |
| acid/o | r/cf - acid |
| neuropathy | any disorder affecting the nervous system |
| pathy | s- disease |
| neur/o | r/cf- nerve |
| pneumonia | inflammation of lung parenchyma tissue |
| pneumon | r- air, lung |
| ia | s- condition |
| retinopathy | any disease of the retina |
| pathy | s- disease |
| retin/o | r/cf- retina of eye |
| tachycardia | rapid heart rate, above 100 bpm |
| tachy | p- rapid |
| card | r- heart |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| pnea | r- breathe |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| pulmonology | study of the lungs |
| pulmonologist | specialist studies the lungs |
| ary | s- pertaining to |
| pulmon | r- lung |
| logy | s-study of |
| pulmon/o | r/cf - lung |
| logist | s- one who studies, specialist |
| pneumon | r- lung, air |
| itis | s- inflammation |
| respiration | process of breathing, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| respir | r - to breathe |
| ation | s- process |
| atory | s- pertaining to |
| respiratory | pertaining to respiration (breathing) |
| gastric | pertaining to the stomach |
| gastr | r- stomach |
| epi | p- above |
| hypo | p- below |
| epigastric | abdominal region above the stomach |
| hypogastric | abdominal region below the stomach |
| lateral | pertaining to one side of the body |
| later | r- side |
| al | s- pertaining to |
| bi | p- two |
| uni | p- one |
| bilateral | pertaining to both sides of the body |
| unilateral | pertaining to one side of the body |
| macrocyte | large red blood cell |
| macro | p- large |
| cyte | r- cell |
| macrocytic | pertaining to the macrocyte (large red blood cell) |
| mature | fully developed |
| post mature | infant born after 42 wks gestation |
| premature | before expected time, eg infant born before 37 wks gestation |
| mature | r- fully developed |
| pre | p- before |
| post | p- after |
| microcyte | small red blood cell |
| micro | p- small |
| natal | pertaining to birth |
| nat | r- birth, born |
| peri | p- around |
| perinatal | around the time of birth |
| postnatal | after the time of birth |
| prenatal | before the time of birth |
| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity |
| thorax | r- chest |
| pneumo | r/cf - air, lung |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction - heart attack |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| ECG/EKG | electrocardiogram |
| IV | intravenous |
| cardiology | med spec of disease of the heart |
| cardi/o | r/cf - heart |
| axilla | armpit |
| axill | r- armpit |
| ary | s- pertaining to |
| dementia | loss of intellectual and metal functions -chronic, progressive, irreversible |
| de | p- without |
| ment | r- mind |
| ganglion | fluid filled cyst, or collection of nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord |
| ganglion | (Greek) a swelling or knot |
| ileum | 3rd portion of the small intestine (Latin) to twist or roll up |
| ilium | large wing-shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis (Latin) groin |
| mucus | sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes (Greek) slime |
| mucous | pertaining to mucus or the mucosa |
| mucosa | lining of a tubular structure that secretes |
| prostate | organ surrounding the urethra at base of male urinary bladder; (Greek) one who stands before |
| prostrate prostration (noun) | to lay flat or be overcome by physical weakness and exhaustion; (latin) to stretch out |
| reflex | involuntary response to a stimulus; (latin) bend back |
| reflux | backward flow; (latin)backward flow |
| septum septa (pl) | thin wall separting 2 cavities or 2 tissue masses; (latin) a partition |
| cervical | pertaining to the cevix, or to the neck region |
| cervic | r- neck |
| cervix | lower part of the uterus |
| hypertension | high BP |
| tens | r- pressure |
| hyper | p- above, beyond, excess, excessive |
| infusion | introduction of a substance other than blood by IV |
| transfusion | transfer of blood or blood component from a donor to recipient |
| fusion | r - to join; combining or blending of distinct bodies into one |
| in | p - in |
| trans | p - across, through |
| intravenous | inside a vein |
| intra | p- within, inside |
| ven | r- vein |
| ous | s- pertaining to |
| neurology | med spec of disorders of nervous system |
| protocol | detailed plan; as for a regimen of therapy; (latin) contents page of a book |
| ureter | tube that connects kidney to urinary bladder, (Greek) urinary canal, passage of urine |
| ur/o | urine |
| urethra | canal leading from bladder to the outside |
| uterus | organ in which an egg develops into fetus; (latin) womb |
| vertebra vertebrae (pl) | one of bones of spinal column; (latin) bone in the spine |
| abdomen | part of trunk between thorax and pelvis |
| abdomin | r- abdomen |
| anatomy | study of structures of the body |
| ana | r- apart from |
| tomy | s- process of separating |
| ical | s - pertaining to |
| anterior | front surface of the body; |
| anter | r - before |
| ior | s- pertaining to |
| caudal | pert to nearer the tailbone; (same as inferior, opposite of cephalic) |
| caud | r - tail |
| al | s- pertaining to |
| cephalic | pertaining to or nearer the head |
| cephal | r - head |
| coronal | vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior portions |
| coron | r - crown |
| al | s- pertaining to |
| distal | situated away from the center of the body;farthest from the point of attachment, refers only to limbs |
| dist | r - away from the center |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back or situated behind |
| dors | r - back |
| lateral | situated at the side of a structure |
| later | r- side |
| medial | nearer to the middle of the body |
| medi | r- middle |
| posterior | pertaining to the back surface of the body, situated behind |
| poster | r - back part |
| ior | s- pertaining to |
| prone | lying face down, flat on belly; (latin) bending forward |
| proximal | situated nearest the center of the body;situated closest to the point of attachment to the body, refers to limbs |
| proxim | r- nearest to the center |
| sagittal | vertical plane through the body divides it into right and left planes |
| sagitt | r- arrow |
| supine | lyint face up, flat on spine |
| transverse | horizontal plane div body into uper and lower portions (superior and inferior) |
| ventral | pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the face of the belly |
| ventr | r- belly |
| al | s- pertaining to |
| abdomin/o | r/cf - abdomen |
| pelv | r - pelvis |
| cavity | hollow space or body compartment |
| cav | r - hollow space |
| ity | s- state, condition |
| cranial | pertaining to the cranium (skull) |
| crani | r- skull |
| cranium | skull |
| diaphragm | muscular sheet separting the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| diaphragm/a | r - diaphragm |
| quadrant | 1 of 4 regions of the surface of the abdomen; 1/4 of a circle,(latin) one quarter |
| spine | the vertebral column, or a short bony projection |
| spin | r - spine |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest (thorax) |
| thorac | r - chest |
| thorax | the part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck |
| umbilical | pertaining to the umbilicus (belly button, or the center of the abdomen |
| umbilic | r - navel (belly button) |
| umbilicus | pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus |
| cell | smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence; (latin) storeroom |
| conception | fertilization of egg by sperm to form a zygote |
| cytology | study of the cell |
| cytologist | spec in the structure, chemisty, and pathology of the cell |
| cyt/o | r/cf - cell |
| fertilization | union of male sperm and female egg |
| fetiliz | r - to make fruitful |
| organ | structure with specific functions in the body |
| organelle | part of a cell having specialized function |
| organ | r - organ; (latin) intrument, tool |
| elle | s - small |
| ism | s- condition,process |
| tissue | collection of similar cells; (latin)- to weave |
| zygote | cell resulting from union of sperm and egg; (Greek) yolk |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid- source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid - the information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules |
| ribo | p- from ribose, a sugar |
| nucle | r- nucleus |
| steroid | large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components |
| ster | r- solid |
| oid | s - resembling |
| anabolism | buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism |
| anabol | r - build up |
| ism | s- process, condition |
| catabolism | breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism |
| chromosome | body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes |
| chrom/o | r/cf - color |
| some | s - body |
| cytoplasm | clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell, except for the nucleus |
| cyt/o | r/cf - cell |
| electrolyte | substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles |
| electr/o | r/cf - electricity |
| lyte | s - soluble |
| hormone | chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ; (Greek) set in motion |
| hormon | r- hormone |
| intracellular | within the cell |
| cellul | r - small cell |
| intra | p- within |
| lipid | general term for all types of fatty compounds; eg. cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids; (Greek) fat |
| membrane | thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity; (latin) parchment |
| membran | r - cover, skin |
| ous | s- pertaining to |
| metabolism | the constantly changing physical and chemical rocesses occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism |
| metabol | r - change |
| ism | s - process, condition |
| mitochondria | organelles that generate, store, and release energy for cell activities |
| mit/o | r/cf -thread |
| chondr | r - granule, cartilage |
| -ia | s - conditionn |
| nucleolus | small mass within the nucleus |
| nucle/o | r/cf - nucleus |
| -lus | s - small |
| nucleus | functional center of a cell or structure; (latin) command center |
| nucle | r - nucleus |
| -ar | s- pertaining to |
| protein | class of food substances based on amino acids |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of interior of a joint |
| scopy | s - to examine, to view |
| arthr/o | r/cf - joint |
| connective tissue | supporting tissue of the body |
| connect | r - join together |
| cruciate | shaped like a cross; |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament - at front of knee, |
| ligament | band of fibrous tissue connecting 2 structures; (latin) band |
| meniscus | disc of cartilage between the bones of the joint (eg. at knee cap); (latin) cresent |
| muscle | tissue consisting of contractile cells |
| patella patellae (pl)t | thin, circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint; kneecap; (latin) small plate |
| patell | r - patella |
| therapy | systematic treatment of disease, dysfunction, or disorder |
| therap | r- treatment |
| therapeut | r- treatment |
| 4 primary tissue groups | connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous |
| connective tissue | funct - bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat; found throughout body (eg. blood, bone cartilage, and fat |
| epithelial tissue | funct: protect, secrete, absorb, excrete; location- covers body surface, covers and lines internal organs, composes glands |
| nervous tissue | function: transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception, motor actions; location- brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| histology | study of structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs |
| hist/o | r/cf - tissue |
| capsule | fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structure; (latin) little box |
| capsul | r - box |
| cartilage | nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints; (latin) gristle |
| collagen | major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone |
| coll/a | r/cf - glue |
| gen | s - produce, form |
| matrix | substance that surrounds and protects cells, is maufactured by the cells, and holds them together; (latin) mater-mother |
| nutrient | substance in food required for normal physiologic function |
| nutri | r - nourish |
| ent | s - end result |
| periosteum | fibrous membrane covering a bone |
| oste | r - bone |
| peri | p- around |
| um | s- tissue |
| synovial membrane | membrane that lines the interior of freely moving joints |
| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone |
| synovial fluid | slippery lubricant stored in the joint cavity; makes joint movement almost friction free |
| cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| cardi/o | heart |
| vascul | blood vessell -r |
| digestion | breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism |
| digest | break down food -r |
| ive | pertaining to - s |
| endocrine | a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance |
| endo | within - p |
| crine | to secrete -r |
| homeostasis | maintaining the stability of a system or the body's internal environment |
| home/o | the same - r |
| integument, integumentary system | organ system that covers the body; skin is the main orgain w/i the system; |
| r- integument | covering the body |
| lymph | clear fluid collected from body tissues and transported by lymph vessells to the venous circulation; r- lymph,lymphatic system |
| atic | pertaining to |
| nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors, funct: rapidly coordinates body functions and enables learning and memory |
| nerv | nerve -r |
| respiration | process of breathing; exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| respir | to breathe -r |
| atory | pertaining to |
| skeleton | the bony framework of the body |
| skelet | skeleton -r |
| urinary system | removes waste from blood, maintains water and electrolyte balance, stores and transports urine; ureters, urethra, urinary bladder, kidneys |
| urin | urine -r |
| biopsy | removing tissue from a living person for lab examination |
| bi | life - r |
| opsy | to view -s |
| carcinoma | a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor |
| carcin | cancer -r |
| oma | tumor, mass -s |
| cryosurgery | use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in a probe to freeze and kill abnormal tissue |
| cryo | icy cold -r |
| surg | operate-r |
| ery | process of -s |
| cutaneus | pertaining to the skin |
| cutan/e | skin |
| dermatology | med specialty concerned w/disorders of the skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| etiology | the study of the causes of a disease |
| eti/o | cause |
| excrete | to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body |
| crete | separate - r |
| ex | out of, awary from -p |
| ion | action -s |
| flora | the population of microorganisms covering the exterior and interior surfaces of healthy animals; (latin) flower |
| prognosis | forecast of the probable future course and outcome of a disease |
| gnosis | knowledge -r |
| pro | projecting forward -p |
| squamous cell | flat, scale-like epithelial cell;(latin) scaly |
| secrete | to produce a chemical substance in a cell and release it from the cell |
| secret | produce -r |
| synthesis | the process of building a compound from different elements |
| thesis | to organize, arrange -r |
| syn | together -p |
| synthetic | built up or put together from simpler compounds |
| vasoconstriction | reduction in diameter of a blood vessel |
| vas/o | blood vessel |
| constrict | narrow -r |
| dilat | widen, open up -r |
| vasodilation | increase in diameter of a blood vessel |
| adipose | containing fat |
| adip | fat-r |
| ose | full of -s |
| analgesic | substance that reduces or relieves the response to pain w/o prod loss of consciousness |
| alges | sensation of pain-r |
| an | without -p |
| dandruff | scales in hair from shedding of the epidermis |
| dermis | connective tissue layer of the skin beneath the epidermis; middle of 3 layers of skin |
| derm | skin -r |
| epidermis | top layer of skin |
| follicle | spherical mass of cells containing a cavit or a small cul-de-sac; such as hair follicles; (latin) small sac |
| hypodermis | (subcutaneus) below the dermis, 3rd layer of skin, deepest layer |
| intradermal | within the epidermis (top layer of skin) |
| intramuscular | with the muscle |
| IM | intramuscular |
| muscul | muscle - r |
| keratin | protein present in skin, hair, and nails |
| kerat | hard protein -r |
| melanin | black pigment found in skin, hair, and the retina |
| melan | black pigment -r |
| in | substance -s |
| sebaceous glands | located in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete a waxy fluid called sebum |
| sebum | waxy secretion of the sebaceous glands |
| sebac/e | wax |
| subcutaneus | below the skin; same as hypodermic; 3rd layer of skin, deepest |
| cutan/e | skin-r |
| sub | below -p |
| transdermal | going across or through skin |
| trans | across, through -p |
| ultraviolet | light rays at a higher frequency than the violet end of the spectrum |
| ultra | beyond -p |
| violet | violet, bluish-purple -r |
| wheal | hives, small, itchy swelling of the skin; However, wheals raised by an injection do not itch |
| allergen | substance prod a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction |
| gen | produce-s |
| all | strange, other -r |
| erg | work, activity -r |
| atophy | state of hypersensitivity to an allergen - allergic |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermat | skin-r |
| eczema | inflammatory skin disease, often with a serous discharge; (Greek) to boil or ferment |
| eczem/a | eczema -r/cf |
| excoriate | to scratch |
| cori | skin-r |
| ex | away from - p |
| ate | pertaining to -s |
| pruritis | itching |
| pruit | itch |
| anti | against -p |
| rash | skin eruption |
| seborrhea | excessive amount of sebum |
| seb/o | sebum -r |
| rrhea | flow-s |
| sebum | waxy secretion of the sebaceous glands |
| stasis | stagnation in the flow of any body fluid; (greek) stying in one place; |
| vesicle | small sac containing liquid (eg. a blister)latin-blister |
| decubitus ulcer | sore caused by lying down for long periods of time |
| cubitus | lying down -r |
| ulcer | sore -r |
| de | from -p |
| herpes zoster | shingles; painful eruption of vesicles that follows a nerve root on one side of the body; (greek) to creep or spread |
| macule | small, flat spot or patch on the skin; (latin) spot |
| malignant | tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasizes to distant organs |
| malign | harmful, bad -r |
| ancy | state of -s |
| ant | forming, pertaining to -s |
| melanin | black pigment found in skin, hair, and retina |
| melan | black pigment -r |
| oma | tumor, mass -s |
| metastasis | spread of a disease from one part of the body to another |
| stasis | stagnate, stay in one place -r |
| meta | beyond, subsequent to -p |
| ize | affect in a specific way -s |
| stat | stationary-r |
| nevus nevi (pl) | congenital lesion of the skin; (latin) mole, birthmark |
| papillomavirus | causes warts and is associated with cancer |
| papill/o | papilla, pimple -r |
| oma | mass, tumor - s |
| virus | (latin) poison |
| papule | small, circumscribed elevation of the skin; (latin) pimple |
| verruca | wart casued by a virus (latin) wart |
| CA | cancer |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| staphylococcus aurus | most common bacterium to invade the skin |
| candida | yeastlike fungus |
| candidiasis | infection with yeastlike fungus |
| candid | candida -r |
| albicans | white |
| candida albicans | thrush; the most common form of candida; can prod recurrent infections of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes |
| carbuncle | infection of many hair follicles in asmall area, often on the back of the neck; ingrown hair |
| cellulitis | inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue |
| cellul | cell |
| fungus fungi (pl) | general term used to describe yeasts and molds |
| impetigo | infection of the skin prod thick, yellow crusts |
| infection | invasion of the body by disease-prod microorganisms |
| infect | internal invasion, infection -r |
| infectious | capable of being transmitted; a disease caused by the action of a microorganism |
| infestation | act of being invaded on the skin by a troublesome other species, such as a parasite |
| infest | invade -r |
| louse lice (pl) | parasitic insect |
| mucocutaneous | junction of skin and mucous membrane; (eg. the lips) |
| muc/o | mucous membrane |
| cutan/e | skin |
| ous | pertaining to |
| necrotizing fasciitis | inflammation of fascia prod deat of the tissue |
| necr/o | death |
| fasc/i | fascia (skin) |
| tiz | pertaining to |
| ing | quality of -s |
| parasite | an organism that attaches itself to, lives on or in, and derives its nutrition from another species |
| parasit | parasite -r (greek) guest |
| pediculosis | an infection with lice |
| pedicul | louse -r |
| osis | abnormal condition |
| scabies | skin disease prod by mites; (latin) to scratch |
| tinea | general term for a group of realted skin infections caused by different species of fungi; (latin) worm |
| toxin | poinsonous substance formed by a cell or organism; |
| tox | poison -r |
| ity | state, condition -s |
| tinea pedis | athlete's foot |
| tinea capitis | infection of the scalp - ringworm |
| tinea corporis | ringworm infections of the body's skin and hands |
| tinea cruris | jock itch; infection of the groin |
| autoimmune | disease in whihc the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues; fights self |
| immune | protected from |
| auto | self-p |
| dermatomyositis | inflammation of the skin and muscles |
| dermat/o | skin |
| myos | muscle |
| Kaposi sarcoma | form of skin cancer seen in AIDS patients |
| psoriasis | rash characterized by reddish, silver-scaled patches; (greek) itch |
| rosacea | persistent erythematous (redness) of the central face |
| scleroderma | thickening and hardening of the skin due to new collagen formation |
| scler/o | hard |
| derma | skin |
| symptom | departure from normal health exper by patient |
| sign | physical evidence of a disease process |
| systemic lupus | inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the whole body |
| system | the body as a whole -r |
| lupus | (latin) wolf |
| osus | condition -s |
| erythemat | redness-r |
| acne | inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles; (greek) point |
| androgen | hormone that promotes masculine characteristics |
| andr/o | male |
| gen | to produce, create -s |
| comedo comedones (pl) | too much sebum and too many keratin cells block the hair follicle causing it; a whitehead or blackhead |
| cyst | greek - sac, bladder; abnormal fluid-filled sac such as gall bladder or urinary bladder, surrounded by a membrane |
| pustule | small protuberance on the skin containing pus |
| scar | fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals; scab |
| alopecia | hair loss, baldness |
| cuticle | nonliving epidermis at base of fingernails |
| matrix | formative portion of a hair, nail, or tooth |
| onychomycosis | condition of fungus infection in a nail |
| onych/o | nail |
| myc | fungus |
| osis | condition -s |
| paronychia | infection alongside the nail |
| para | alongside -p |
| inflammation | complex of cell and chemical reactions occurring in response to an injury or chemical or biologic agent |
| flammat | flame |
| ory | having the funtion of |
| scald | burn from contact with hot water or steam |
| shock | sudden physical or mental collapse or circulatory collapse; (german) to clash |
| allograft | skin graft from another person or cadaver |
| allo | other-p |
| graft | transplant |
| autograft | graft removed from the patient's own skin |
| auto | self -p |
| debridement | removal of injured or necrotic (dead) tissue |
| bride | rubbish -r |
| de | take away-p |
| ment | resulting state -s |
| eschar | burnt, dead tissue lying on top of 3rd degree burns; |
| heterograft | graft from another species (not human) |
| hetero | different -p |
| homograft | skin graft from another person or cadaver; (same as allograft) |
| homo | same, alike -p |
| regenerate | reconstitution, rebuilding of a lost part |
| gener | produce |
| re | again-p |
| ation | process-p |
| ate | composed of-s |
| xenograft | graft from another species (same as heterograft) |
| xeno | foreign -p |
| abdominoplasty | tummy tuck; surgical removal of excess subcutaneous fat from abdominal wall |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| plasty | surgical repair -s |
| abrasion | area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off |
| blepharoplasty | surgical repair of an eyelid |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| clot | mass of fibrin and cells that is prod in a wound |
| dermabrasion | removal of upper layers of skin by rotary brush |
| derm | skin |
| abras | scrape off |
| granulation | new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing |
| granul | small grain |
| ation | process -s |
| incision | cut or surgical wound |
| incis | cut into |
| excis | cut out |
| excision | surgical removal of part or all of a structure |
| keloid | raised, irregular, lumpy scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound; (greek) stain |
| laceration | tear or jagged wound of the skin caused by blunt trauma; not a cut |
| lacer | to tear |
| lipectomy | surgical removal of adipose tissue |
| ectomy | surgical excision -s |
| lip | lipid, fat |
| lip/o | fat |
| suct | suck |
| liposuction | surg removal of adipose tissue using suction |
| mammoplasty | surg proc to chang the size or shape of the breast |
| mamm/o | breast |
| rhinoplasty | surg proc to change the size or shape of the nose |
| rhin/o | nose |
| plasty | surgical repair -s |
| bradycardia | slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm |
| brady | slow |
| plasm | to form -r; as suffix - something formed |
| muscle tissue | func: movement; attached to bones; found in the walls of hollow tubes, organs, and the heart |
| syn | together, union, association, - p |
| in -s | substance, chemical compound |
| cartilage | nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints; latin - gristle |
| chir/o | hand |
| pract | r - efficient, practical |
| chiropractic | dx, tx, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal sys |
| detoxification | removing poison from a tissue or substance |
| de | p- from, out of, removal, out of |
| toxi | r- poison |
| ligament | band of fibrous tissue connectin 2 structures; latin - band, sheet |
| muscle | a tissue consisting of cells that can contract |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| skelet | skeleton |
| orthopedic | pert to correction and cure of deformities and diseases of musculoskeletal sys |
| orth/o | straight -r |
| ped | child -r |
| osteopathy | med practice based on maintaining balance of the body |
| oste/o | bone |
| pathy | disease -s |
| path | disease -r |
| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone; latin - sinew |
| number of bones in body | 206 |
| amount of blood in body | 6 liters |
| 4 components of skeletal sys | bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments |
| classification of bones | by shape: long, short - (wrist, ankle, patella) ,flat- (skull,ribs), irregular(vertebrae) |
| cortex | outer portion of an organ, such as bone |
| cortic | cortex -r |
| epiphysis | expanded area at proximal and distal ends of a long bone to prov increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons |
| physis | r- growth |
| epi | p - upon, above |
| haversian canals | vascular canals in bone |
| marrow | fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones |
| medulla | central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex, contains marrow; latin - marrow |
| periosteum | strong membrane surrounding a bone |
| oste | bone-r |
| um | structure -r |
| peri | around -p |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate - at ends of long bones allow for growth |
| achondroplasia | cond w/abnormal, early conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| a | without --p |
| plasia | formation -s |
| osteogenesis | inherited cond when bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones |
| genesis | formation -s |
| osteomalacia | soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium - rickets |
| malacia | abnormal softness -s |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone tissue; bone marrow infection; caused by bacteria infection like staph |
| myel | bone marrow |
| oste/o | bone |
| osteopenia | decreased calcification of bone, low bone density |
| penia | deficient -s |
| osteoporosis | cond in which bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile, more likely to fracture; from loss of bone density |
| por/o | opening |
| sis | condition -s |
| rickets | disease due to Vit D deficiency, prod soft, flexible bones; old english -to twist |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor orinating in connective tissue |
| sarc | flesh -r |
| oma | tumor, mass -s |
| gen | creation -r |
| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells |
| alignment | having a structure in its corerct postion relative to others |
| lign | line -r |
| a | into -p |
| comminut | break into pieces -r |
| comminuted fracture | a fx in which bone is broken into pieces |
| malunion | when 2 bony ends of fx fail to heal together correctly |
| mal | bad,difficult -p |
| un | one -r |
| non | not -p |
| nonunion | total failure of healing of a fx |
| osteoblast | a bone-forming cell |
| blast | immature cell |
| cyte | cell |
| osteocyte | a bone-maintaing cell |
| pathologic fracture | fx occurring at a site already weakened by disease process, such as cancer |
| path/o | disease |
| ure | result of - s |
| fract | to break -r |
| reduction | restore a structure to its normal position |
| duct | lead -r |
| re | backward -p |
| traction | pulling or dragging force, latin - to pull |
| external fixation | alignment of fx by immobil bone by plaster casts, splints, traction or external fixators (pins, plates, halo) |
| external manipulation | bone is pulled from distal end back into algnment through a proc called reduction, often under anesthesia |
| closed, simple fracture | bone is broken, but skin is not broken |
| open (comminuted) fracture | a fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fx |
| displaced fracture | fractured bone parts are out of line |
| complete fracture | a bone is broken into at least 2 fragments |
| incomplete freacture | fx does not extend completely across the bone; can be hairline, as in a stress fx in the foot when no separation of the 2 fragments |
| transverse fx | fx is at right angles to the long axis of the bone |
| impacted fx | fx consists of 1 bone fragment driven into another, resulting in shortening of the limb |
| spiral fx | fx spirals around the long axis of the bone |
| oblique fx | fx runs diagonally across the long axis of the bone |
| linear fx | fx runs parallel to the long axis of the bone |
| greenstick fx | a partial fx; one side breaks, the other bends (tib/fib and radius/ulna) |
| compression fx | fx occurs in a vetebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed |
| stress fx | fatigue fx caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in marching or running |
| axial skeleton | includes: vertebral column, skull, rib cage; protects brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs |
| vetebral column - how many bones | 26 |
| 5 regions of vertebral column | cervical -7, thoracic - 12, lumbar -5, sacral -1, coccyx -1 |
| cervical | neck region |
| cervic | neck -r |
| coccyx | tailbone, at lowest end of vert column |
| kyphosis | normal posterior curve of spine that can be exaggerated in disease |
| kyph | bent, humpback-r |
| lumbar | region of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis |
| sacrum | part of vert column that forms part of the pelvis; latin - sacred |
| sacr | sacrum -r; |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of vert column |
| scoli | crooked -r |
| spine | vertebral column; or short projection from a bone |
| spin | spine |
| vertebra, vertebrae (pl) | one of bones of spinal column |
| vertebr | vertebra -r |
| whiplash | sym casued by sudden, extesion/flexion of neck |
| whip | to swing |
| lash | end of whip |
| skull - number of bones | 22 - 8 cranial, 14 facial |
| cranium | upper part of skull that encloses and protects brain; greek -skull |
| crani | skull |
| ethm | sieve -r |
| oid | resembling -s |
| ethmoid | bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells |
| lacrimal | bone forms part of medial wall of orbit (around eye), |
| lacrim | tears -r |
| mandible | lower jaw bone |
| mandibul | mandible -r |
| maxilla | upper jaw bone, containing rt and lt maxillary sinuses; |
| maxilla | maxilla -r |
| occipital | back of the skull |
| occipit | back of the head -r |
| palatine | bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits |
| palat | palate-r |
| parietal | 2 bones forming the side walls and roof of the cranium |
| pariet | wall-r |
| sphenoid | wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull |
| sphen | wedge -r |
| oid | resemble -s |
| temporal | bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull |
| tempor | time; temple-r |
| mandibul | mandible -r |
| TMJ - temporomandibular joint | joint between the temporal bone and the mandible (jaw bone joint below ear) |
| zygoma | bone that forms the prominence of the cheek |
| zygomat | cheekbone -r |
| AC | acromioclavicular- lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint; at end of clavicle |
| acromion | joint between acromion and calvicle |
| acromi | acromion -r |
| calvicul | clavicle -r |
| articulate | 2 separate bones have formed a joint |
| articul | joint -r |
| ation | process-s |
| articulation | a joint |
| clavicle | curved bone that forms part of the pectoral girdle |
| clavicul | clavicle -r |
| dislocation | completely out of joint |
| dis | apart, away from -p |
| locat | place -r |
| humerus | single bone of upper arm; latin-shoulder |
| pectoral | pertainint to the chest |
| pector | chest -r |
| pectoral girdle | incomplete bony ring tht attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton; Old eng - girdle |
| scapula , scapulae (pl) | shoulder blade |
| subluxation | an incomplete dislocation when some contact between the joint surfaces remains |
| luxate | dislocate -r |
| sub | under, below, -p |
| capitulum | small head or rounded extemity of a bone |
| capit/u | small head -r |
| pronat | bend down-r |
| prone | lying face down on belly |
| pronation | proc of lying face down on belly position, or turning a hand or foot with volar (palm or sole ) surface down |
| radius | forearm bone on the thumb side; latin - spoke of a wheel |
| radi | radius -r |
| supination | proc of lying face upward, or of turning a hand or foot so that the palm or sole is facing up |
| supinat | bend backward -r |
| supine | lying face up, flat on back |
| trochlea | smooth articular surf of bone on which another glides |
| trochle | pulley -r |
| ulna | medial and larger bone of forearm; latin - elbow, arm |
| uln | ulna -r |
| hinge joint | humrus and ulna - at elbow |
| gliding joint | humerus and radius |
| 2 articulations of elbow joint | hinge joint - humerus and ulna- allows flexion and extension of elbow; gliding joint between humerus and radius of forearm - allows pronation and supination |
| arthritis | inflammation of joint(s) |
| arthr | joint -r |
| carpus | 8 carpal bones of wrist |
| carp | wrist bones -r |
| meta | after, subsequent to - p |
| metacarpals | 5 bones between the carpus and fingers |
| phalanges | finger or toe bones; 14 phalanges of hand- each finger has 3 joints except thumb which has only 2 |
| phalang/e | phalanx, finger or toe |
| colles fx | fx of distal radius at wrist |
| eponym | proc or dx with name derived from name of person who discovered it |
| Heberden node | bony lump on terminal phalanx of fingers in osteoartritis |
| metacarpophalangeal joint | joints between metacarpal bones and phalanges |
| osteoarthritis | chronic inflammatory disease of joints |
| arthr | joint -r |
| osteo | bone -r |
| phalanx, phalanges (pl) | one of bones of fingers or toes |
| rheumatism | pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal sys |
| rheumat | a flow - |
| ism | condition -s |
| rheumatoid arthritis | systemic disease affecting many joints |
| acetabulum | cup-shaped cavity of hip bone that receives the head of femur to form hip joint; femur goes into hip here |
| femur | thigh bone |
| femor | femur -r |
| illium | large wing shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of pelvis |
| ischium, ischia (pl) | lower and posterior part of hip bone |
| ischi | ischium, hip bone -r |
| pelvis | basin-shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spoine |
| pelv | pelvis -r |
| pubis | another name for pubic bone |
| pub | pubis -r |
| SI | sacroiliac joint - joint between sacrum and ilium |
| sacr/o | sacrum -r |
| ili | illium -r |
| symphysis | 2 bones joined by fibrocartilage; 2 pubic bones; greek - grow together |
| hip bones - 3 fused together | illium, ischium, pubis |
| po | by mouth |
| prn | when necessary |
| arthrodesis | fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery |
| arthr/o | joint -r |
| desis | to fuse toghether |
| diastasis | separation of normally joined parts; greek - separation |
| radi/o | radiation, xrays -r |
| radiology | study of medical imaging |
| arthroplasty | surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint; total replacement of hip joint |
| plasty | reshaping by surger -s |
| avascular | to without a blood supply |
| vascul | blood vessel -r |
| a | without -p |
| labrum | cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint; latin - lip-shaped |
| necrosis | pathologice death of cells or tissue; greek -death |
| necr/o | death -r |
| prosthesis | artificial part to remedy defect in body; greek - addition |
| synovial | lubricating |
| 4 ligaments hold knee together | medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, ACL- anterior cruciate ligament, PCL - posterior cruciate ligament |
| 4 knee joint bones | lower end of femur, flat end of tibia, patella, fibula |
| collateral | situated at the side; often to bypass an obstruction |
| later | side |
| co | together -p |
| cruciate | re knee - 2 internal ligaments of knee joint cross over each other to form an "x";latin -cross |
| fibula | smaller of 2 bones of lower leg; latin - clasp or buckle |
| fibul | fibula -r |
| meniscus, menisci (pl) | disc of cartilage between bones of a joint, eg the knee joint; greek - crescent |
| patella, pattellae (pl) | kneecap; thin, circular bone in front of knee joint, embedded in the patellar tendon; laint - small plate |
| patell | patella -r |
| tibia | larger bone of lower leg; latin - large shinbone |
| tibi | tibia -r |
| arthrocentesis | aspiration of fluid from a joint |
| arthro/o | joint -r |
| centesis | puncture -s |
| arthrography | x-ray of a joint taken after injection of a contrast medium into the joint |
| graphy | process of recording |
| arthroscopy | visual exam of interior of a joint |
| scopy | process of using an instrument to examine visually |
| arthroscope | endoscope used to exam interior of joint |
| bursa | closed sac containing synovial fluid |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| burs | bursa -r |
| debridement | removal of injured or necrotic tissue |
| bride | rubbish -r |
| de | removal, out of -p |
| hyperflexion | flexion of a limb or part beyond normal limits |
| hyper | excessive, excess, above, beyond -p |
| flex | bend-r |
| meniscectomy | excision (cutting out) of all or part of meniscus (disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint, as in knee joint |
| menisc | crescent, meniscus -r |
| prepatellar | in front of the patella |
| patell | patella -r |
| pre | before, in front of -p |
| rupture | break or tear of any organ or body part; latin - break, fracture |
| tendinitis (also spelled tendonitis) | inflammation of a tendon |
| tendin | tendon -r |
| bunion | a swelling at the base of the big toe |
| calcaneus | bone of tarsus (foot) that forms the heel |
| calcan | calcaneus -r |
| eal | pertaining to |
| hallux valgus | deviation of the big toe toward the medial side of the foot (turns out) |
| hallux | big toe -r |
| valgus | turn out -r |
| metatarsus | 5 parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and phalanges |
| tars | ankle -r |
| meta | after, subsequent to -p |
| podiatry | dx and tx of disorders and injuries of foot |
| pod | foot -r |
| iatry | treatment |
| Pott fx | fx of lower end of fibula, often w/fx of tibial malleolus; at ankle |
| tallus | tarsal bone that articulates w/tibia to form the ankle joint; latin - heel bone |
| tarsus | collection of 7 bones in foot that form ankle and instep; latin - ankle |
| tarsal | pert to tarsus |
| tars | ankle -r |
| VS | vital signs |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| MRSA | Methicillin Resistant Stapholococus Aureus- extremely virulent staph infection, can be fatal; use contact isolation - gloves and gown |
| CDiff | Clostridium Difficile - very contageous diahhrea; contact isolation - gown,gloves |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; use Fowlers position |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| Braden Risk Assessment scale | detailed skin assessment tool |
| virulence | strength of pathogen |
| SX | symptoms |
| dx | diagnosis |
| VS | vital signs |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| MRSA | Methicillin Resistant Stapholococus Aureus- extremely virulent staph infection, can be fatal; use contact isolation - gloves and gown |
| CDiff | Clostridium Difficile - very contageous diahhrea; contact isolation - gown,gloves |
| HTN | hypertension |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; use Fowlers position |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| Braden Risk Assessment scale | detailed skin assessment tool |
| virulence | strength of pathogen |
| SX | symptoms |
| dx | diagnosis |
| CVA | coronary vascular accident; stroke |
| DNRCC | do not resuscitate, comfort care |
| TIA | trans ischemic attack - mini stroke |
| HS | hour of sleep; bedtime |
| FX | fracture |
| C/O | complains of |
| A+O | alert and oriented; to : purpose, time, place, person, (A+Ox1, A+Ox2,...) |
| HTN | hypertension |
| MI | myocardial infarct - heart attack |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| AC | before meals |
| prn | as needed |
| IDDM | insulent dependent diabetes mellitus |
| BS | blood sugar, breath sounds, bowel sounds |
| NIDDM | non-insulent dependent diabetes mellitus |
| - c | with |
| tx | treatment |
| CVA | coronary vascular accident; stroke |
| TIA | trans ischemic attack - mini stroke |
| q | every |
| - p | after |
| h+P | history and physical |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| A+O | alert and oriented; to : purpose, time, place, person, (A+Ox1, A+Ox2,...) |
| SRD | safety reminder device; eg. soft restraint |
| MI | myocardial infarct - heart attack |
| AC | before meals |
| s/p | status post |
| BS | blood sugar, breath sounds, bowel sounds |
| - c | with |
| - s | without |
| - a | before |
| - p | after |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| SRD | safety reminder device; eg. soft restraint |
| GIB | GI bleed; gastrointestinal bleed |
| nonblanchable erythema | test for decubitus ulcer- touch reddened area and it does not turn white- if stays red - sign of stage 1 skin break down |
| atrophy | wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part ** |
| hypertrophy | increase in size, but not in number, of an indiv tissue element ** |
| hyper | above, excess, excessive - p |
| trophy | nourishment -r |
| a | without -p |
| contract | draw together or shorten |
| tract | draw -r |
| con | with, together - p |
| fascia | sheet of fibrous connective tissue; latin - a band ** |
| fiber | strand or filament; latin -fiber |
| multidisciplinary | involving health care providers from omore than one profess |
| disciplin | instruction -r |
| multi | many-p |
| muscle | tissue consisting of cells that can contract |
| skelet | skeleton - |
| tone | tension present in resting muscles |
| voluntary muscle | is under control of the will |
| volunt | free will-r |
| functions of skeletal muscle | movement, posture (tone), body heat, respiration, communication |
| striations | alternating light and dark bands of protein filaments resp for muscle contraction; skeletal muscle - striated muscle |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | cond w/symettrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles ** |
| dys | bad, difficult -p |
| fibromyalgia | pain in muscle fibers ** |
| fibr/o | fiber-r |
| my | muscle |
| algia | pain-s |
| myoglobin | protein of muscle that stores and transports O2 |
| glob | globe-r |
| in | substance -s |
| rhabdomyolysis | destruction of muscle to prod myoglobin |
| lysis | destruction-s |
| rhabd/o | rod shaped |
| sprain | wrench or tear in ligament |
| strain | overstretch or tear in muscle or tendon |
| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone |
| tendin | tendon-r |
| tendonitis, tendinitis | inflammation of tendon |
| tenosynovitis | inflamm of tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath |
| thymectomy | surg remov of thymus gland |
| thym | thymus gland -r |
| synov | synovial membrane-r |
| ten/o | tendon-r |
| rotator cuff tear | freq injury to shoulder girdle, caused by wear and tear from overuse |
| insertion | re muscle - attachment of muscle to a more movable part of skeleton, as distinct from the origin |
| insert | put together -r |
| ion | action, condition -s |
| origin | fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone |
| pectoral | pert to chest ** |
| pector | chest -r |
| pectoral girdle | incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton ** |
| rotator cuff | part of capsule of the shoulder joint ** |
| rotat | rotate-r |
| or | one who does-s |
| cuff | old English-band-r |
| biceps brachii | muscle of arm that has 2 heads or points of origin on scapula ** |
| brachi/i | of the arm -r |
| ceps | head -r |
| bi | two -p |
| brachialis | muscle that lies underneath biceps and is stronges flexor of forearm |
| brachi | arm-r |
| alis | pert to -s |
| brachioradialis | muscle that helps flex forearm ** |
| brachi/o | arm-r |
| radi | radius -r |
| cyst | abnormal fluid-filled sac |
| deltoid | large, fan-shaped muscle conn scapula and clavicle to humerus |
| delt | triangle-r |
| oid | resembling-s |
| dorsum | back of any part of body, including hand |
| dors | back-r |
| ventr | belly-r |
| ventral | pert to belly or situated nearer to surface of body |
| ganglion | fluid containing swelling attached to synovial sheath of a tendon |
| lassissimus dorsi | widest (broadest) muscle in back, the "V" ** |
| dorsi | of the back -r |
| latiss | wide -r |
| imus | most-s |
| stenosis | narrowing of a passage |
| thenar eminence | fleshy mass at base of thumb |
| hypothenar eminence | fleshy mass at base of little finger |
| thenar | palm-r |
| eminence | latin-stand out |
| triceps brachii | muscle of arm that has 3 heads or points of origin ** |
| ceps | head-r |
| brachi/i | of the arm -r |
| ganglion cyst | fluid filled cyst on back of wrist, result from irritation or inflamm of synovial tendon sheaths |
| carpal tunnel syndrome CNS) | from inflamm and swelling of overused tendon sheaths; repetitive movements can cause it |
| abduction | action of moving Away from midline, ** |
| adduction | action of moving toward the midline ** |
| duct | lead-r |
| ab | away from -p |
| ad | toward-p |
| calcaneal tendon | formed from gastronemius and soleus muscles inserted into calcaneus |
| gastrocnemius | major muscle in back of lower leg (calf) |
| gastrocnem | calf of leg-r |
| gluteus | 1 of 3 muscles in buttocks |
| glut | buttocks-r |
| maximus | gluteus maximus muscle is larges muscle in body, covering large part of each buttock ** |
| medius | gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by gluteus maximus |
| minimus | gluteus minimus is smallest of gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius |
| popliteal fossa | hollow at back of knee |
| poplit/e | ham, back of knee-r |
| quadriceps femoris | an anterior thigh muscle w/4 heads (origins) |
| ceps | head-r |
| orthotic | orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormalty eg. brace **, eg. pins, plates |
| orthot | correct-r |
| physical therapy | use of remedial proc to overcome a phys defect** physiotherapy - another term for it |
| phys | nature-r |
| iatr | treatment-r |
| physic | body-r |
| therapy | systematic tx of disease, dysfunc, or disorder ** |
| contracture | muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis ** |
| contract | pull together -r |
| ure | result of -s |
| prosthesis | artifical part to remedy a defect in body ** |
| resuscit | revive from apparent death -r ** |
| diaphoresis | sweat, perspiration |
| diaphor | sweat-r |
| etic | pert to -s |
| ECG, EKG, | electrocardiogram; record of elect signals of heart ** |
| electr/o | electricity-r |
| mediastinum | area between lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus |
| media | middle-p |
| stin | partition -r |
| um | structure -s |
| phleb/o | vein-r |
| tom | incise, cut -r |
| tomy | surgical incision-s |
| aorta | main trunk of systemic arterial sys |
| endocardium | inside lining of the heart |
| endo | inside -p |
| epicardium | outer layer of the heart wall ** |
| epi | above, upon -p |
| infarct | area of cell death from infarction |
| farct | area of dead tissue-r |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply to a tissue |
| isch | to block, keep back -r |
| myocardium | all the heart muscle |
| necrosis | pathologic death of cells or tissue ** |
| necr/o | death - r |
| pericardium | double layer of membranes surrounding the heart ** |
| pulmonary | pert to lungs and their blood supply ** |
| pulmon | lung-r |
| atrium | chamber where blood enters heart on both right and left sides |
| atri | entrance-r |
| bicuspid | having 2 points; bicuspid heart valve has 2 flaps ** |
| cusp | point-r |
| id | having a particular quality -s |
| inter atrial | between atria of the heart |
| atri | atrium -r |
| interventricular (IV) | between ventricles of the heart |
| mitral | shaped like mitre (bishop wears); mitral valve- |
| 4 valves of heart | on right -tricuspid and pulmonary, on left - mitral (bicuspid) and aortic |
| septum, septa (pl) | thin wall dividing 2 cavities ** |
| tricuspid | having 3 parts; tricuspid heart valve has 3 flaps |
| ventricle | chamber of heart - pumps blood; also means a cavity in the brain (prod cerebrospinal fluid) ** |
| arrhythmia | cond when heart rhythm is abnormal |
| atrioventricular (AV) | pert to both the atrium and ventricle |
| atri | entrance, atrium -r |
| diastole | dilation of heart cavities, during which they fill w/blood |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound heart w/stethoscope when a valve closes or opens abnormally |
| sinoatrial nodec (SA) | center of modified cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of right atrium that acts as the pacemaker for heart rhythm |
| sin/o | sinus-r |
| sinus rhythm | normal (optimal) heart rhythm arising from SA node (sinoatrial) |
| systole | contraction of the heart muscle |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of heart muscle, the myocardium |
| cardioversion | restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock |
| version | change-s |
| defibrilation | restoration of uncontrolled twitching of cardiac muscle fibers to normal rhythm |
| fibrill | small fiber-r |
| de | from, out of-p |
| ator | instrument-s |
| fibrillation | uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle |
| implantable | a device that can be inserted into tissues |
| pacemaker | device that regulates cardiac electrical |
| pace | step-r |
| palpitation | forcible, rapid beat of the heart felt by patient |
| palpit | throb-r |
| A-fib | atrial fibrilallation- |
| v-tach | ventricular tachycardia- rapid heart beat occuring in ventricles |
| ventricular arrhythmias include | 1.PVC's -premature ventricular contractions, 2. v-fib- ventricular fibrillation, |
| PVC's -premature ventricular contractions- | result when extra impulses arise from a ventricle, 2. v-fib- ventricular fibrillation -occurs when ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping |
| v-fib | ventricular fibrillation -occurs when ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping |
| heart block | occurs when interference in cardiac electrical conduction prevents atria's contraction from coordinating w/ventricles' contractions |
| palpitations | brief but unpleasant sensations of a rapid or irregular heartbeat; caused by exercise, anxiety, stimulants (caffeine) |
| AED | automatic external defibrillator- send electric shock to heart in order to stop the heart temporarily so tha a normal contraction rhythm can resume |
| ICD | implantable cardioverter/defibrillator- sense abnormal rhythms; gives heart small shock to return rhythm to normal |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| megaly | enlargement-s |
| cor pulmonale | right sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease |
| cor | heart-r |
| ale | pert to -s |
| endocarditis | inflammation of lining of heart ** |
| exudate | fluid that has passed out of tissue or capillary as result of inflammation or injury |
| sud | sweat-r |
| myocarditis | inflammation of heart muscle |
| pericarditis | inflammation of pericardium, the covering of the heart |
| prolapse | an organ slips out of its normal position; latin-falling |
| regurgitate | to flow backward, eg. blood thru a heart valve |
| gurgit | flood-r |
| stenosis | narrowing of a canal or passage; eg. of a heart valve |
| sten/o | narrow-r |
| tamponade | patholic compression of an organ, such as the heart |
| tampon | plug-r |
| ade | a process-s |
| CO | cardiac output |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
| CAD | coronary heart disease |
| PNB | pulseless nonbreather |
| anoxia | without oxygen |
| an | without-par |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| arteri/o | artery-r |
| scler/o | hardness-r |
| asystole | absense of contractions of the heart |
| systole/e | contraction-r |
| atheroma | plaque- fatty deposit in the lining of an artery |
| ather | porridge, gruel -r |
| oma | tumor, mass-s |
| hypovolemic | decreased blood volume in the body |
| vol | volume-r |
| occlude | to close, plug, or completely obstruct |
| substernal | under (behind) the sternum |
| AHD | atrial septal defect |
| CHD | congenital heart disease |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus- an open, direct channel between aorta and pulmonary artery in newborn |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| coarctation | constriction, stenosis, particularly of aorta |
| coarct | press together, narrow-r |
| con | together, with -p |
| idiopathic | per to disease of unknown etiology |
| idi/o | unknown-r |
| syndrome | combin of signs and symptoms assoc w/ a parti disease proc |
| drome | running-r |
| HDL | high density lipoprotein - good cholesterol |
| LDL | low density lipoprotein- bad cholesterol |
| angiogram | radiograph obtained after injection of radiopaque contrast material into blood vess |
| angi/o | blood vessel-r |
| angioplasty | recanalization of blood vessel by surgery |
| percutaneous | passage thru skin, as by needle puncture |
| cutan/e | skin-r |
| per | through-p |
| stent | wire mesh tube used to keep arteries open |
| thrombus | clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining ** |
| thromb | clot-r |
| ly | break down-r |
| lysis | dissolve-s ** |
| triglyceride | lipid containing 3 fatty acids |
| glycer | sweet, glycerol-r |
| NKA | no known allergies ** |
| artery | blood vessel with oxygenated blood; carries blood away from heart |
| hemodynamics | science of blood flow thru circulatio |
| vein | blood vessel carrying blood toward heart |
| varix, adj- varicose | dilated, tortuous vein |
| varic | varicosity, dilated, tortuous vein-r |
| OA | osteoartritis |
| P | pulse rate |
| arteriole | small terminal artery leading into capillary network |
| ole | small-s |
| capillary | minute blood vessel between arterial and venous systems |
| capill | hairlike structure-r |
| palpat | touch, stroke-r |
| sphygm/o | pulse-r |
| man/o | pressure-r |
| steth/o | chest |
| vena cava | 1 of 2 largest veins in body |
| venule | small vein leading from capillary network |
| aneurysm | circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber |
| collateral | at the side, often to bypass an obstruction |
| col | with, together-p |
| endarterectomy | surg remov of plaque from artery |
| thromboembolism | piece of detached blood clot (embolus) blocking a distant blood vessel |
| thromb/o | clot-r |
| embol | plug-r |
| thrombophlebitis | inflamm of vein w/clot formation |
| Hct | hematocrit- percentage of red blood cells in blood |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| anemia | decreased no of red blood cells |
| an | without-p |
| colloid | liquid containing suspended particles |
| plasma | fluid, noncellular part of blood |
| platelet | (also called thrombocyte)small particle involved in clotting proc |
| plate | flat-r |
| let | little, small -s |
| serum | fluid remaining after removal of blood cells and the formaton of clot |
| vita | life-r |
| amin(e) | nitrogen-containing substance -s |
| functions of blood | 1. maintains body's homeostasis, 2. transports nutrients, vit, and minerals,3. transports waste prod, 4. transports hormones, 5 transports gases- O2, CO2, 6. protects from foreign subs- microorganisms+toxins, 7 forms clots |
| Hgb or Hb | hemoglobin-red pigmented protein; main component of red blood cells |
| globin | protein-r |
| agglutinate | stick together to form clumps ** |
| glutin | glue,stick -r |
| aplastic anemia | cond - bone marrow unable to prod suffic red cells, white cells, and platelets |
| plas | formation-r |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| heme | iron-based part of hemoglobin, carries oxygen |
| hemolysis | destruction of red blood cells so that hemoglobin is liberated |
| lyt | destroy-r |
| hypoxia | below normal level of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood |
| pallor | paleness of skin |
| pernicious anemia (PA) | chronic anemia due to lack of vit B12 ** |
| nici | lethal-r |
| function of RBC's | transport: oxygen, CO2, and nitric oxide |
| agranulocyte | white blood cell w/o granules in cytoplasm |
| basophil | its granules attract a rosy-red color on staining |
| granulocyte | a WBC that containes mult small granules in cytoplasm |
| leukemia | disease when blood is taken over by WBCs and their precursers |
| leuk | white-r |
| leukocytosis | excessive number of WBCs |
| leukopenia | deficient number of WBCs |
| lymphocyte | small WBC w/large nucleus |
| monocyte | large WBC w/ single nucleus |
| mononucleosis | presence of large numbers of specific, diagnostic mononuclear leukocytes |
| neutrophil | their granuales take up purple stain equally, whterh acid or alkaline |
| phil | attraction-s |
| pancytopenia | deficiency of ALL types of blood cells ** |
| pan | all-p |
| polymorphonuclear | WBC w/multilobed nucleus |
| morph | shape-r |
| DIFF | differential white blood count |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus- common virus, member of Herpes family |
| Ig | immunoglobulin |
| PMNL | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| leukemia | cancer of blood forming tissues; prod high no of leukocytes |
| hemostasis | control of bleeding |
| coagulant | substance that causes clotting |
| embolus | detached piece of thrombus, mass of bacteria,air, or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel |
| fibrin | stringy protein fiber; part of blood clot |
| fibroblast | cell that forms collagen fibers |
| blast | immature cell-s |
| hematoma | collection of blood that escaped from vessels into surrounding tissue |
| hemophilia | inherited disease from defic of clotting factor |
| stasis | control, stop-s |
| petechia | pinpoint capillary hemorrhagic spot in skin |
| prothrombin | protein formed by liver; converted to thrombin in blood clotting mechanism |
| thromb | blood clot-r |
| purpura | skin hemorrhages, initially red, then turn purple |
| thrombocyte, also called platelet | small particle involved in clotting proc |
| Ab | antibody- protein prod in response to an antigen |
| antigen | substance capable of triggering an immune response |
| gen | produce,create-r |
| ABO | blood group system; type A blood - has only antigen A, type B- has only antigen B, type O-has neither antigen, type AB - has antigen A and B |
| autologous blood donation | transfusion w/ own blood |
| Rh | Rhesus |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) |
| Ab | antibody -protein prod in response to an antigen |
| spleen | vascular lymph organ in LUQ of abdomen |
| thymus | endocrine gland located in mediastinum |
| tonsil | mass of lymph tiss on either side of throat @ back of tongue |
| efferent | moving away from a center |
| afferent | moving Toward a center |
| interstitial | pert to spaces between cells in a tissue or organ |
| Lymphatic system - 3 functions | absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to bloodstream, remove foreign chemicals, cells, and debris from tissue, 3. absorb dietary lipids from small intestine |
| adenoid | single mass of lymph tissue in midline at back of throat |
| aden | gland-r |
| follicle | spherical mass of cells containing a cavity, eg. hair follicle |
| immunoglobulin (Ig) | specific protein evoked by an antigen; all antibodies are immunoglobulins |
| spleen functions | consume bacteria, initiate immune response, consume old, defective erthyrocytes, serve as reservoir |
| phagocytose | consume |
| hypersplenism | cond - spleen removes blood components at excessive rate ** |
| inguinal | pert to groin ** |
| lymphadenectomy | surg excis of lymph nodes |
| lymphaden | lymph node-r |
| lymphangi | lymphatic vessels-r |
| Hodgkin | lymphoma- chronic enlargement of lymph nodes spreading to other nodes in orderly way |
| neoplasm | new growth, benign or malignant tumor |
| plasm | to form-r |
| neo | new-p |
| antecubital | in front of the elbow ** |
| autoimmune | immune rxn directed against person's own tissue |
| mutation | change in chemistry of a gene |
| toxin | poisonous subst form by cell or organism |
| attenuate | weaken the ability of organism to prod disease |
| attenu | weaken-r |
| complement | group of proteins in serum- finish off work of antibodies to destroy bacteria and other cells |
| humoral immunity | defense mech from antibodies in blood |
| humor | fluid-r |
| anaphylaxis | immediate severe allergic response ** |
| phylac | protect-r |
| histamine | compound liberated in tissues as result of injury or immune response |
| incubation | process to dev an infection |
| incub | lie on, hatch-r |
| retrovirus | virus w/RNA core |
| retro | backward-p |
| tag | touch -r (as in contagious) |
| endemic | per to disease always present in a community |
| dem | the people-r |
| en | in-p |
| pan | all-p |
| pandemic | per to disease attacking the population of very large area |
| nosocomial | acquired w/i a hospital |
| nos/o | disease-r |
| com | take care of -r |
| CA- MRSA | community aquired MRSA- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| WNV | West Nile virus |
| avian influenza | bird flu |
| alveolus | terminal part of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs |
| alveol | air sac -r |
| bronchus (pl - bronchi) | windpipe; 1 of 2 subdiv. of trachea |
| cilium (cilia-pl) | hairlike motile projection from surf of cell; latin -eyelash |
| spirat | breathe -r |
| olfaction, olfact (r) | sense of smell |
| oxy | oxygen -r |
| pharynx (pharyng-r) | tube from back of nose to larnyx (back of throat) |
| rale | crackle hear thru stethoscope due to fluid in lungs, French - rattle |
| spir | breathe -r |
| trachea | air tube from larynx to bronchi |
| ABG | arterial blood gas |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| coryza | also called rhinitis- acute inflamm of mucous membrane of nose |
| congest | r- accumulation of fluid |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| stax | r-fall in drops |
| nas | nose -r |
| palate | roof of mouth, floor of nose |
| polyp | any mass of tissue that projects outward |
| rhinitis | acute inflammation of nasal mucosa |
| rhin | nose -r |
| sinus | cavity or hollow space in bone or other tissue |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration |
| hypoxemia | low oxygen level in arterial blood |
| hypoxia | below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood |
| laryngopharynx | regon of pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx |
| nasopharynx | reg of pharynx at back of nose and aboe soft palate |
| pharynx | throat-r |
| or/o | mouth |
| polysomnography | test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement and oxygen levels in blood as pt sleeps |
| tonsil | mass of lymph tiss on either side of throat |
| somn (r) | sleep-r |
| croup | laryngotracheobronchitis- infection of upper airways in children; with barking cough |
| epiglottis | leaf shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing |
| glottis or glott | mouth of windpipe-r |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflamm of larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| laryng | larynx -r |
| papilla | any small projection |
| stridor | high pitched noise made when respir obstruction in larynx or trachea |
| pleurisy | inflamm of pleura - membrane covering lungs and lining ribs in thoracic cavity |
| pleura | membrane covering lungs and lining ribs in thoracic cavity |
| lobe | subdivision of an organ or other part |
| bradypnea | slow breathing, less than 10/min |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| eupnea | normal breathing, 12-20 / min |
| cyanosis | blue discoloration of skin, lips, and nail beds due to low O2 levels in blood |
| cyan (r) | dark blue -r |
| eu (r) | normal -r |
| hemoptysis | blood sputum |
| ptysis | spit-r |
| hyperpnea | deeper and more rapid breathing than normal |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing, over 24/minute |
| hale (r) | breathe -r |
| bronchiolitis | inflamm of small bronchioles |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of bronchi following inflamm disease and obstruction |
| ectasis (r) | dilation |
| bulla | bubble like dilated structure |
| cystic fibrosis | genetic disease w/excessive viscid mucus obstructing passages |
| emphysema | dilation of respiratory bronchiles and alveoli |
| physema (r) | blowing |
| hypercapnia | abnormal increas of CO2 in arterial bloodstream |
| capn (r) | carbon dioxide |
| rhonchus | wheezing sound heard on auscultation of lungs; made by air passing thru constricted lumen |
| viscosity | resistance of fluid to flow |
| viscos (r) | viscous, sticky |
| CAO | chronic airway obstruction |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| adenocarcinoma | cancer arising from glandualr epitheal cells; aden-gland; carcin -cancer |
| aden (r) | gland |
| anthrax | severe, malignant infect disease |
| anthrac (r) | coal |
| anthracosis | lung disease caused by inhalation of coal dust |
| aspiration | removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity |
| atelectasis | collapse of part of lung |
| atel (r) | incomplete |
| ectasis (r) | dilatation |
| empyema | pus in a body cavity, particularly in pleural cavity |
| hemothorax | blood in pleural cavity |
| pneumoconiosis | fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of different dusts |
| sarcoidosis | granulomatoous lesion of lungs and other organs |
| silicosis | fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles |
| thoracentesis | insertion of needle into pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air |
| centesis (r) | to puncture |
| tubercul (r) | nodule, swelling, TB |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| endotracheal | pert to being inside the trachea |
| spirometer | instrument used to meas respiratory volumes |
| spir (r) | breathe |
| thoracotomy | incision thru chest wall |
| tomography | radiographic image of selected slice of tissue |
| tom/o (r) | cut, slice, layer |
| PDT | postural drainage therapy |
| mucolytic | agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus |
| pneumonectomy | surg removal of a lung |
| resection | removal of specific part of organ or structure |
| sect (r) | cut off |
| tracheotomy | incision into trachea to create tracheostomy |
| endoscopy | looking inside |
| septum septa (pl) | a thin wall separting 2 cavities or tissue masses |
| thrombus | a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining |
| embolus | detached piece of thrombus, a mass of bacteria, quantity of air, or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| lateral collateral ligament | on side of knee, located outside the knee joint; most common ligament damaged in sports injuries |
| scoiosis | crooked condition of spine |
| kyphosis | humpbacked condition |
| autoimmune | immune rxn directed against a person's own tissues |
| de | without, out of, removal, from |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply to a tissue |
| isch | to block, |
| infarct | area of dead tissue |
| nosocomial | infection aquired while in the hospital |
| idiopathic | disease of unknown etiology |
| sternum | breastbone |
| scapula | shoulder bone |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| derm | skin |
| SQ, SC | subcutaneous |
| um | structure |
| al, ic, ory | pertaining to |
| lymphedema | tissue swelling due to lyphatic obstruction; differs from regular edema |
| itis | inflammation, infection |
| layrnyx | voice box |
| pharnyx | windpipe |
| sickle cell anemia | genetic disorder among Afro Amer. RBCs form in sickle shape |
| pernicious anemia (PA) | chronic anemia due to lack of Vit B12 |
| anemia | red blood cell condition where number of RBCs or amt of hemoglobin in q RBC is reduced |
| iron deficiency anemia | anemia due to low iron in blood |
| hemolysis | destruction of red blood cells so hemoblobin is released |
| lysis | destruction |
| aplastic anemia | bone marrow is unable to prod sufficient red cells, white cells, and platelets |
| nici | lethal |
| agglutinate | to stick together to form clumps |
| hepat | liver |
| nephr | kidney |
| pathy | diseasese |
| ectomy | surgical removal |
| tomy | surgical incision |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| PVC | premature ventricular contractions |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| gastroenterologist | specialist stomach and intestines |
| enterologist | specialist for intestines |
| lith | stone |
| rhin | nose |
| epistaxis | nose bleed |
| endocrine | gland that prod an internal or hormonal substance and secretes it into bloodstream |
| exocrine | gland that secretes substances outwardly thru excretory ducts |
| arthrodesis | surgical fusion of joint |
| pnea | breathe |
| apnea | without oxygen; absence of spontaneous respiration |
| alimentary | pert to digestive tract |
| aliment | nourishment, food |
| alimentary canal | digestive tract |
| an | anus -r |
| bariatric | tx of obesity |
| bari | weight -r |
| atric | treatment -s |
| esophogus | tube linking pharynx and stomach |
| gastr | r- stomach |
| enter | intestine-r |
| gasteroenterology | med spec of stomach and intestines * |
| intestin | r- gut, intestine |
| intestine | digest tube from stomach to anus |
| laparascopy | exam of contents of abdomen using endoscope |
| lapar | r-abdomen in general |
| nutrient | substance in food req for normal physiol funct |
| nutrit | r-nourishment |
| bolus | single mass of a substance, Greek-lump |
| deglutition | act of swallowing |
| deglutit | r-to swallow |
| masticate | to chew |
| mastic | r-chew |
| peristalsis | waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of intest wall to move food along diges tract * |
| stalsis | r- constrict |
| dentine | dense, ivory-like subst located under enamel in tooth |
| dent | r-tooth |
| enzyme | protein that induces changes in other substances |
| zyme | r-enzyme, fermenting |
| pharynx | r-throat |
| nas | r- nose |
| nasopharynx | reion of pharynx at back of nose and above soft pallate |
| or | r-mouth |
| papilla | any small projection |
| parotid | parotid gland is salivary gland beside ear |
| par | p- beside |
| ot | r-ear |
| lingu | r-tongue |
| mandibul | r-mandible |
| uvula | fleshy projection of the soft palate |
| aphthous | canker sores |
| caries | bacterial destruction of teeth; latin -dry rot |
| gingiva | tiss surrounding teeth and covering jaw |
| gigiv | r-gum |
| halit | r-breath |
| odont | r-tooth |
| pyorrhea | purulent discharge |
| py | r-pus |
| thrush | infection with candida albicans; occuring anywhere in mouth |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| phagia | r-swallowing |
| hernia | rupture; protrusion of structure thru tiss that normally contains it |
| hiatus | opening thru a structure |
| hiat | r-opening |
| postprandial | following a meal |
| prand | r-breakfast |
| reflux | backward flow |
| flux | r-flow |
| re | p-back |
| sphincter | band of muscle that encircles an opening, when it contracts the opening squeezes closed; forms a 1 way valve |
| varic | r- dilated, tortuous vein |
| chyme | semifluid, partially digested food passed from stomach into duodenum |
| duoden | r-twelve |
| gastrin | homrone secreted in stomach stim secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility |
| HCl - hydrochloric acid | acid of gastric juice |
| chlor | r-green |
| intrinsic factor | makes absorption of vit B12 happen |
| intrins | r- on the inside |
| factir | r- maker |
| pepsinogen | converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin |
| pepsin | enzyme prod by stomach that breaks down protein |
| pylorus | exit area of stomach |
| phlor | r- gate, pylorus |
| anorexia | without appetite |
| orex | r- appetite |
| dyspepsia | upset stomach |
| peps | r-digestion |
| gastritis | inflamm of lining of stomach |
| ileum | 3rd portion of small intestine |
| ile | r-ileum |
| cec | r-cecum |
| cecum | blind pouch that is 1st part of large intestine |
| jejunum | segement of small intestine between duodenum and ileum |
| jejun | r-jejunum |
| peptic | relating to stomach and duodenum |
| pept | r- digest |
| perforat | r- bore through |
| perforation | hole thru wall of a structure |
| stricture | narrowing of a tube |
| bile | fluid secreted by liver into duodenum |
| bilirubin | bile pigment formed in liver from hemoglobin |
| cirrhosis | extensive fibrotic liver disease * |
| cirrh | r-yellow |
| glycogen | body's prin carb reserve, stored in liver and skeletal muscle |
| glyc | r- sugar, glycogen |
| hepat | r - liver |
| jaundice | yellow staining of tissues w/bile pigments, including bilirubin |
| liver | body's largest organ,in RUQ abdomen |
| gnosis | r- knowledge |
| cholecystitis | inflamm of gallbladder |
| chol | r-bile |
| cyst | r- bladder |
| choledocholithisis | presence of gallstone in common bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | cond of having gallstones |
| lith | r-stone |
| endocrine | gland that pro internal or hormonal subst and secretes it into bllod; |
| exocrine | gland that secretes sust outwardly thru excretory ducts |
| endo | p - within, inside |
| exo | p- outward, outside |
| gall | r-bitter |
| gallstone | hard mass of cholseterol, calcium, and billirubin that can be formed in gb and bile duct |
| glucogen | hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage |
| gluc | r-glucose, sugar |
| agon | r- to fight |
| insulin | pancreatic hormone that suppresses blood glucose levels and transports glucose into cells |
| insul | r-island |
| pancreas | only gland that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland; secretes digestive juices and the hormones insulin and glucagon |
| celiac disease | caused by sensitivity to gluten |
| celi | r-abdomen |
| ease | r- normal function |
| dia | p-complete |
| endoscope | general term for a scope to examine colon; specific name for organ used to examine- eg. gastroscope - endoscope to examine stomach |
| portal vein | carries blood from intestines to liver |
| villus, villi (pl) | thin, hairlike projection, particularly of mucous membrane lining a cavity |
| amin | r- nitrogen containing |
| chyle | milky fluid that results from digestion and absorption of fats in small intestine |
| emuls | r- suspend in liquid |
| lacteal | llyph vessel carries chyle away from intestine |
| lipase | enzyme that breaks down fat |
| lip | r-fat |
| ase | s- enzyme |
| constip | r-press together |
| Crohn disease | narrowing and thickening of terminal small bowel |
| enter | r- intestine |
| dysentery | disease w/diarrhea, bowel spasms, fever, and dehydration |
| entery | r- condition of intestine |
| lact | r- milk |
| sigmoid | simoid colon is shaped like "s" |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| diverticulum | pouchlike opening or sac from tubualr structure (eg intestine) |
| fissure | deep furrow or cleft |
| hemorrhoid | dilated rectal vein prod painful anal swelling |
| intussusception | slipping of 1 part of bowel inside another to cause obstruction |
| intus | p- within |
| suscept | r- to take up |
| melena | passage of black, tarry stools |
| occult blood | blood that can't be seen in stool but is pos on feal occult blood test |
| Hemoccult test | fecal occult blood test |
| periton | r- stretch over |
| polyp | mass of tissue that projects into lumen of bowel |
| proctitis | inflamm of lining of rectum |
| proct | r - rectum |
| proctologist | surg spe in disease of anus and rectum |
| anastomosis | surgicqally made union between 2 tubular structures |
| ostomy | artificial opening into a tubular structure; end of bowel opens into skin at a stoma; illeostomy, colostomy |
| stomy | s- new opening |
| stoma | surgical artificial opening |
| colostomy | artificial opening from colon to outside of body |
| ileostomy | artificial opening from ileum to outside of body |
| gastric | related to the stomach ** |
| gastr | r- stomach * |
| enter | r-intestine * |
| gasteroenterology | med specialty of stomach and intestines * |
| laparoscopy | examination of contents of abdomen using an endoscope * |
| laparoscope | instrument (endoscope) used for viewing abdominal contents * |
| laparotomy | incision of intestinal wall |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of gallbladder (cyst-gb) |
| laparoscopic appendectomy | removal of appendix by endoscope * (look up) |
| laparoscopic cholesectomy | surgical removal of gallbladder by laparoscope/endoscope |
| masticate | to chew * |
| mastic | r- chew |
| peristalsis | waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of intestinal wall to move food along digestive tract: feeling you have to have BM * |
| stalsis | r- constrict |
| peri | p - around |
| nasopharynx | region of pharynx (windpipe) at back of nose and above soft palate * |
| oral | pert to mouth |
| or (os) | r-mouth |
| palate | roof of the mouth , anterior 2/3 is hard palate, posterior is soft palate * |
| tongue | mobile muscle mass in the mouth; has the taste buds * |
| uvula | fleshy projection of the soft palate |
| saliv | r- saliva |
| canker sore | aphthous ulcer, erosion of mucous membrane lining the mouth * |
| cold sore | fever blister, recurrent ulcer of lips, lining of mouth and gums due to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) * |
| caries | bad cavity; bacterial destruction of teeth |
| gingivitis | inflammation of gums* |
| gingiv | r- gums |
| thrush | infection w/Candida albicans; yeast infection/fungus in mouth * |
| pyorrhea | purulent discharge (pus) |
| py | r-pus |
| rrhea | r-flow |
| asymptomatic | w/o symptoms or abnormalities |
| symptomat | r-symptom |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing * |
| phagia | r-swallowing |
| esophagitis | inflammation of lining of esophagus * |
| esophag | r- esophagus |
| hiatal | pert to hiatus (eg. hiatal hernia) |
| hiatus | opening through a structure |
| herni | r- hernia |
| reflux | backward flow |
| sphincter | band of muscle that encircles an opening: when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed * |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease- reflux (regurgitation) of stomach's acid contents into esophagus |
| esophageal varices | dilated, tortuous veins in esohagus- bleed - can cause death |
| varices (sing-varix) | dilated, tortuous veins (varicose) |
| duodenal | pert to duodenum - 1st part of small intestine; 9-12 in long |
| duoden | r-twelve |
| chlor | r-green |
| pylor | r- pylorus, gate * |
| pylorus | exit area of stomach |
| chyme | semifluid, partially digested food passed from stomach into duodenum |
| gastrin | hormone secreted in stomach tath stim secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility |
| HCl | acid of gastric juice |
| intrinsic factor | makes absorption of vit B12 happen |
| mucus | sticky secretion o f cells in mucous membranes |
| gastroesophageal | pert to stomach and esophagus |
| anorexia | w/o appetite, an aversin to food |
| orex | r- appetite |
| perforation | hole thu wall of a structure |
| stricture | narrowing of a tube * |
| perforat | r- bore through |
| dyspepsia | upset stomach, epigastric pain, nausea, gas |
| peps | r- digestion |
| ileum | 3rd portion of small intestine |
| jejenum | segement of small intestine between duodenum and ileum |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gastritis | inflammation of stomach lining; prod symp of epigastric pain, feeling of fullness, nausea, occasional bleeding |
| peptic ulcer | (pert to stomach and duodenum) in stomach and duodenum when mucosal lining breaks down |
| cecum | blind pouch that is 1st part of large intestine |
| cec | r- cecum |
| bile | fluid secreted by liver into duodenum |
| cirrhosis | extensive fibrotic liver disease |
| cirrh | r- yellow |
| glyc | r- glycogen, sugar |
| jaundice | yellow staining of tissues w/bile pigments, including bilirubin |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | hepatitus A, B, C virus |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder |
| chole | r- bile |
| cyst | r- bladder |
| cholelithiasis | cond having gallstones (bile stones) * |
| cholelithotomy | surgical removal of gallstones * |
| insulin | pancreatic hormone suppresses blood glucose levels and transports glucose into cells |
| pancreas | lobulated exocrine gland, head is tucked into curve of duodenum, prod insulin |
| insul | r-island |
| pancreat | r-pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas, causes difficulty regulating insulin and sugar |
| CF | cystic fibrosis - |
| glucagon | homrone that mobilizes glucose from body storage |
| endoscope | instrument used toexamine interior of tubular or hollow organ * (endoscope - look inside, a generic term for scope to examine ) |
| endoscopy | use of endoscope to perform examination |
| celi | r- abdomen |
| dis | p - apart |
| ease | r- normal function |
| dia | p- apart |
| flatulence | excessive gas in stomach/intestines |
| flatul | r- flatus,excessive gas |
| flatus | gas expelled thru anus |
| malabsorption | inadequated GI absorption of nutrients * (causes- ciliac and crons disease) |
| gluten | insoluble protein in wheat, barley, oats |
| lipase | enzyme that breaks down food * |
| amino acid | basic building blocks of protein |
| lacteal | lymph vessel carries chyle away from intestine |
| lact | r-milk |
| emuls | r- suspend in a liquid |
| gastroenteritis | inflammatino of stomach and intestines; stomach flu * |
| crohn disease | narrowing and thickening of terminal samll bowell |
| ileus | intestinal obstruction * |
| anus | terminal end of digestivve tract * |
| appendectomhy | surg removal of appendix |
| appendic | r- appendix |
| colon | large intestine, expanding from cecum to rectum * |
| rectum | terminal part of colon from sigmoid to anal canal (inside) * |
| diverticulum, pl- diverticula | puchlike opening or sac from tubular structure (eg intestine) * |
| fissure | deep furrow or cleft |
| intussusception | slipping of 1 part of bowel inside another to cause obstruction; telecoping ** |
| intus | r- within |
| suscept | r- to take up |
| polyp | mass of tissue that projects into lume of bowel * |
| proctitis | inflammation of linig of rectum * |
| proct | r- rectum, anus * |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| anastomosis | surgically made union between 2 tubular structures * |
| anastom | r- provide a mouth |
| colostomy | artificial opening from colon to outside of body |
| ileostomy | artificial opening from ileum to outside of body |
| stoma | artificial opening |
| ostomy | artificail opening into a tubular structure |
| EEG | electro encephalogram - record of electrical activity of brain * |
| encephal | r- brain |
| epilepsy | chronic bran disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges (seizures) * |
| epilept | r- seizure * |
| seizure types | gran mal, petit mal, febrile |
| synapse | junction between 2 nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted between cells |
| afferent | moving Toward a center |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter in some specific small areas of the brain |
| glia | connective tissue that holds a structure together |
| myel | r- spinal cord |
| myelin | material of sheat around axon of a nerve |
| neurotransmitter | chemical agent that relays messages from 1 nerve cell to next |
| sympathetic nervous system | 1 of 2 division of autonomic nerv sys operating at unconscious level |
| parasympathetic nervous system | 1 of 2 div of autonomic nerv sys, calms the body, slows down heartbeat, stimulates digestion |
| autonomic nervous system | self gov visceral motor div of peripheral nerv sys |
| hypothalamus | * endocrine gland in floor and wall of 3rd ventricle of Brain |
| cerebrum | cerebral hemispheres |
| meninges | 3 layered covering of the brain and spinal cord * |
| meningitis | * inflammation of meninges, bacterial or viral; vaccination available ! |
| pia mater | delicate inner layer of meninges |
| Alzheihmer disease | form of dementia; nvervecells inareas of brain assoc w/memory and cognition are replaced by abnormal protein clumps and tangles |
| dementia | chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of mind's cognitive and intellectual functions |
| ment | r- mind |
| de | p- removal, without |
| stroke (CVA) | acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation |
| grand mal seizure | dramatic form of seizue with: loc, eyes roll up, jaw clenched, may stop breathing |
| petit mal | seizures of children 5-10; stares vacantly for few seconds |
| febrile seizure | triggered by fever in infants and toddlers 6 mos - 5 yrs, few dev epilepsy |
| tic | * sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles |
| tonic | state of muscular contraction * |
| Tourette syndrome | * disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics |
| aneurism | small, dilation of arter or cardiac chamber |
| encephalitis | * inflammation of brain cells and tissues; brain swelling causes tissue damage |
| migraine | severe ha, |
| mi | p- half, derivied from hemi |
| graine | r- head pain |
| syncope | fainting; temporary loc and postural tone due to diminshed cerebral blood flow |
| alges | r- sensation of pain |
| concussion | * mild brain injury; brain bruise |
| concuss | r- shake or jar |
| countercoup | injujry to brain at point directly opposite point of contact |
| demyelination | * proc of losing myelin sheat of nerve fiber |
| esthes | r- sensation |
| VEP | visual evoked potential |
| neuropathy | * any disorder of nervous sys |
| paralyze | make incapable of movement |
| lyze | r- destroy |
| lysis | r- destruction |
| paresis | partial paralysis; weakness r-weakness |
| poliomyelitis | inflamm of gray matter of spinal cord, leading to paralsis of limbs and muscles of Respiration |
| polio | r- gray matter |
| myel | r- spinal cord |
| drome | r- running |
| ataxia | * inability to coordinate muscle activity leading to jerky movements |
| tax | r- coordination |
| paraplegia | paralysis of Both legs |
| pleg | r- paralysis |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all 4 limbs |
| spina bifida | failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development |
| teratogen | agent that produces fetal deformities (eg. thalidomide) |
| terat | r- malformed fetus, monster |
| anxiety | distress and dread caused by fear |
| bipolar disorder | modd disorder with alternating periods of depression and mania |
| mania | mood disorder w/hperactivity, irritability, and rapid speech |
| man | r- frenzy |
| psychosis | disorder causing mental disruption and loss of contact w/reality |
| paranoia | presence of persecutory delusions |
| conjunctiva | inner lining of eyelids |
| cornea | central, transparent part of outer coat of eye covers iris and pupil |
| lacrimal | pert to tears and tear apparatus |
| ptosis | cond - upper eyelid is constantly drooped over eye, due to paresis ofmuscle that raises upper lid |
| conjunctivitis | inflamm of conjunctiva- inner lining of eyelids |
| nasolacrimal | passage from lacrimal sac to nose |
| lacrim | r- tear |
| duct | r- to lead |
| photophobia | fear of light because it hurts eyes |
| opthamology | dx and tx of diseases of eye |
| blepharities | inflammation of eyelid |
| blephar | r- eyelid * |
| blepharoptosis | drooping of eyelid |
| paresis | partial paralysis |
| contamination | presence of infectious agent on any surface |
| accomodation | act of adjusting somethng to make it fit the needs |
| commodat | r- adjust |
| amblyopia | failure or incomplete dev of pathways of visionto brain; lazy eye * |
| esotropia | turning eye inward toward nose; cross-eyed |
| eso | p- inward |
| exo | p- outward |
| exotropia | turning eye outward away from nose |
| ocular | pert to eye |
| ocul | r- eye |
| optometrist | skilled in meas of vision, can't treat or pres meds |
| stabismus | turning eye away from its normal position * |
| strab | r- squint |
| ismus | s- take action |
| iris | colored portion of eye w/pupil in center |
| dilation | stretching or enlarging an opening or structure |
| constric | become narrow |
| strict | r- narrow |
| lens | transparent refractive struc behind iris |
| presbyopia | difficulty in nearsighted vision occurring in middle and old age |
| presby | r- old man |
| retina | light sensitive innermost layer of eyeball |
| sclera | white of eye |
| scler | r- white of eye, hardness * |
| photoreceptor | cell receives light and converts it into electrical impulses |
| uvea | middle coat of eyeball, includes iris, ciliary body, choroid |
| visual acuity | * sharpness and clearness of vision |
| astigmatism | inability to focus light rays that enter the eye in different planes |
| stigmat | r- focus |
| hyperopia | able to see distant objects but unable to see close ** (farsighted) |
| myopia | able to see close objects but unable to see distant; nearsighted |
| opia | r- sight |
| myop | r- to blink |
| hyper | r- beyond |
| cataract | complete or partial opacity of lens |
| glaucoma | increased intraocular pressure |
| glauc | r- lens opacity |
| angiography | radiography of vessels after injection of contrast material |
| laser surgery | use of concentrated, intense narrow beam of electromagnetic radiation for surg |
| opthalmoscope | instrument for viewing retina |
| opthalm | r- eye |
| retinoblastoma | malignant neoplams of primitive retinal cells |
| retinopathy | * degenerative disease of retina |
| peripheral vision | ability to see objects as they come into the outer edges of visual field |
| acetaminophen | analgesic and antipyetic (pain and fever) |
| acute | sudden onset |
| chronic | persistent, long-term disease |
| otitis media | inflamm of middle ear |
| otologist | med spec in disease of ear |
| otorhinolaryngologist | EENT -ear, nose, throat med specialist |
| rhin | r- nose |
| laryng | larynx- throat |
| auricle | shell- like external ear |
| cerumen | ear was |
| otoscope | instrument to examine ear |
| ot | r- ear |
| pinna | auricle - external ear |
| typan | r- eardrum |
| adenoid | lymph tissue in midline at back of throat* |
| aden | r- gland |
| eustachian tube | * tube connects middle ear to nasopharynx |
| ossicle | small bone, particularly relat to 3 bones in middle ear |
| mast | r- breast |
| stapes | inner (medial) one of 3 ossicles of middle ear, shaped like a stirrup |
| coryza | acute rhinitis; viral inflammof mucous membrane of nose |
| myringotomy | incision in typanic membrane |
| myring | r- tympanic membrane |
| tympanostomy | surg created new opening in tympanic membrane to allow fluid to drain from middle ear (ear tubes) |
| tympan | r- eardrum |
| cochlea | combination of passages; describe inner ear |
| labyrinth | inner ear |
| librium | r- balance; equilibrium - equally balanced |
| otolith | calcium particle in vestibule of inner ear (ear stone) |
| vestibule | space at entrance to canal |
| endocrine gland | prod internal or hormonal secretion |
| crine | r- secrete |
| hormone | chemical formed in 1 tissue or ogran and carried by blood to stim or inhiit a functin of another tissue or organ |
| pineal gland | endocrine gland in floor an dwall of 3rd ventricle of brain; secretes feel-good hormone serotonin by day and converts it to melatonin at night |
| seratonin | feel good hormone; neurotransmitter in CNS and PNS |
| melatonin | hormone formed by pineal gland helps regulate sleep and wake cycles |
| hypothalamus | endocrine gland in floor and wall of 3rd ventricle of brain; prod 8 hormones |
| endocrine system | pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, 4 parathyroid glands, thymus, 2 adrenal glands, pancreas |
| protaglandin | hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from prostate gland |
| corticosteroid | hormone prod by adrenal cortex |
| cortisone | corticosteroid prod in small amounts by adrenal cortex |
| DI - diabetes insipius | excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone prod |
| hydrocortisone | potent glucocorticoidw/ antiinflammatory properties |
| tropin | s- stimulation |
| thymus | endocrine gland in mediastinum |
| thyroid | endocrine gland in neck |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyeball |
| opthalmos | r- eye |
| hyperparathyroidism | excessive levels of parathyroid hormone; |
| hypoparathyroidism | deficient levels of parathyroid hormone; |
| hyperpyrexia | extremely high body temperature or fever |
| hyperthyroidism | excessive prod of thryroid hormone; increases body metabolism, including protruding eyes, tachycardia, htn, diaphoresis, treamor, anxiety, diarrhea, weight loss |
| hypothyroidism | deficient prod of thyroid hormone; decreases body's metabolism |
| adrenal gland | endocrine gland o upper pole of each kikney |
| nephr | r- kidney |
| idiopathic | pert to disease of unknown origin |
| idi | r-unknown |
| glucose | final product of carbohydrate digestion; main sugar in blood |
| insulin | hormone produced by islet cells of pancreas |
| islets of Langerhans | areas of pancreatic cells that prod insulin and glycagon |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or ineffectiveness |
| IDDM | insuline dependent diabetes mellitus; type 1 diabetes, |
| NIDDM | non-insuline dependent diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes |
| hyperglycemia | high blood glucose level, over 110 |
| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose level; under 70 |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation - tingling, numbness, burning, prickling |
| esthes | r- sensation |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| dips | r- thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | excessive production of urine |
| retinopathy | degenerative disease of retina |
| ketoacidosis | excessive ketones in blood making it acid |
| metabolic acidosis | decreased pH in blood and body tissues as result of upset metabolism (under 7.35) |
| p | chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation |
Created by:
MBuzzelli
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