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Mod 3B Ch. 17 PP
The Digestive System Power Point
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alimentary canal | GI Tract |
| Main organs in digestive system | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anal canal. |
| Accessory organs in digestive system | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and vermiform appendix |
| Roof of mouth is formed by | Hard palate, soft palate (arch-shaped muscle separating mouth from pharynx), and uvula |
| Parts of the teeth | Crown, neck, root |
| Crown | Exposed, most visible portion of tooth and made up of dentin. |
| Enamel | Outer covering of the tooth and is the hardest tissue in the body. |
| Leukoplakia | White patches in the mouth, commonly from smokeless tobacco |
| Gingivitis | Gum inflammation or infection from poor oral hygiene, diabetes, vitamin deficiency or pregnancy. |
| Gingivitis may... | Turn into periodonitis if left untreated. |
| Periodonitis | Inflammation of periodontal membrane and is leading cause of tooth loss among adults. |
| Dental Caries | Cavity; most common worldwide tooth disease and the infection may spread to other tissues or to the blood if left untreated. |
| Thrush | Oral candidiasis; caused by yeast like fungal organism. |
| Parotid gland | Largest salivary gland located in front of ear at angle or jaw. |
| Mumps | Viral infection of the Parotid salivary glands. |
| Submandibular glands | Ducts open on either side of lingual frenulum |
| Sublingual glands | Ducts open into floor of mouth |
| Salivary amylase | Begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates. |
| Pharynx | Throat and connects mouth to esophagus. |
| Function of the pharynx | Air passageway on the way to the lungs and food passes on way to stomach |
| Mucosa | Mucuos epithelium |
| Submucosa | Connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves. |
| Muscularis | Two layers of smooth muscle; causes peristalsis. |
| Serosa | Serous membrane that covers the outside of abdominal organs. |
| Esophagus | 1)Connects pharynx with stomach 2)Muscular walls help push food toward stomach |
| Sphincters in GI tract help... | keep ingested material moving in one direct down the tube. |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; occurs when an excessive amount of reflux of stomach acid up through the lower sphinchter and into the esophagus (Heartburn) |
| Fundus | Enlarged upper portion of stomach that presses against diaphragm after a large meal. |
| Body | Central part of stomach |
| Pylorus | Lower, narrow section of stomach that joins with first part of small intestine. |
| Pyloric Sphincter | Prevents gastric juice from backing up into the stomach. |
| Three layers of smooth muscle fibers in stomach | Longitudinal, circular, oblique |
| Contractions in the stomach... | Produce churning movements and mixes food with gastric juices, breaking it down into a semi-solid mixture called chyme. |
| Peristalsis | Contractions of the stomach |
| Gastroenterology | Study of stomach and intestines and their diseases. |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach |
| Anorexia | Appetite loss |
| Nausea | Upset stomach |
| Emesis | Vomiting |
| Pylorospasm | Abnormal spasms of the pyloric sphincter. |
| Pyloric Stenosis | Obstructive narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. |
| Hiatal Hernia | Anatomical abnormality where part of stomach (usually the funds) protrudes through diaphragm and up into the chest. |
| Ulcer | Open wounds caused by acid in gastric juice and is associated with infection by the bacterium H. Pylori (Helicobacter pylori) and use of NSAIDs |
| Stomach Cancer | Associated with consumption of alcohol or preserved food and use of chewing tobacco. |
| Villi | Microscopic finger shaped projections. |
| Duodenum | Liquified food (chyme) enters from stomach. |
| Jejunum | Functions in absorption of digested food. |
| Ileum | Responsible for absorption of B12 and reabsorption of bile salts. |
| Enteritis | Intestinal inflammation |
| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of stomach and intestines. |
| Malabsorption Syndrome | Group of symptoms resulting from failure to absrob nutrients properly. |
| Lactose intolerance | Deficiency of the enzyme lactase which leads to inability to digest lactose sugar. |
| Liver is the... | largest gland |
| Liver produces and secretes... | bile |
| Liver detoxifies... | bacterial toxins and certain drugs. |
| Liver stores... | iron |
| Liver produces the plasma proteins... | fibrin and prothrombin, that assist in clotting. |
| Cholecystokinin | Hormone (aka CCK) that stimulates the gallbladder to contract the cystic duct. |
| Bile flows... | into duodenum |
| Gallbladder location | Undersurface of the liver |
| Function of the gallbladder | Concentrates and stores bile. |
| Gallstones | Cholelithiasis; calculi(stones) made of crystallized bile pigments and calcium salts and can obstruct bile canals and may cause jaundice. |
| Hepatitis | Liver inflammation |
| Hep A | Contaminated food |
| Hep B | Viral-contaiminated blood serum |
| Hep C | Viral liver inflammation caused by transfusion of contaminated blood or IV drug use. |
| Cirrhosis | Degeneration of liver tissue involving replacement of normal tissue with fibrous and fatty tissue. |
| Pancreas location | Behind stomach |
| Exocrine gland | Secretes pancreatic juice into ducts (from outside into inside) |
| Endocrine gland | Secretes hormones into the blood (insuling and glucagon) |
| Pancreatic juice... | is the most important digestive juice as it contains enzymes that digest all foods (fats, carbs, and proteins) |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of pancreas. |
| Acute pancreatitis | Results from blocked ducts that force pancreatic juice to backflow, digesting the gland. |
| Cystic fibrosis | Thick secretions block flow of pancreatic juice. |
| Pancreatic cancer | Very serious form of cancer and is fatal in most cases. |
| Cecum | Pouch that receives waste material from small intestine. |
| Ascending colon | Right side of abdomen, from cecum up to turn of colon by the liver. |
| Transverse colon | Across bottom of stomach from turn of colon by the liver to turn of colon by the spleen. |
| Descending colon | Left side of abdomen, from turn of colon by the spleen, down to beginning of sigmoid colon. |
| Order that material passes | Up the ascending colon, across the transverse colon, down the descending colon and ends at the sigmoid colon. |
| Sigmoid colon | S-shaped segment of the large intestine |
| Muscular walls of the sigmoid colon... | contract causing stool to move into the rectum. |
| Rectum | About 8 inches long and seves as a warehouse for stool |
| Anal canal | Passageway for stool. |
| Diarrhea | Abnormally increased intestinal motility that may result in dehydration or convulsions. |
| Constipation | Decreased intestinal motility |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of abnormal outpouchings called diverticula and may cause constipation. |
| Colitis | General name for any inflammatory condition of the large intestine. |
| Crohn's disease | Autoimmune colitis which causes ulcerations in the linings of the small and large intestines. |
| Colon polyps | Clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon and increase risk for colon cancer. |
| Peritoneum | Serous membrane lining abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs. |
| Parietal layer of peritoneum | Lines abdominal cavity. |
| Visceral layer of peritoneum | Covers abdominal organs |
| Peritoneal space | Lies between parietal and visceral layers. |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation of peritoneum resulting from infection or other irritant (may be caused by ruptured appendix) |
| Ascites | Abnormal acculmulation of fluid in peritoneal space, often causing bloating of abdomen |
| Digestion | Changing foods so thaty they can be absorbed and used by cells. |
| Mechanical digestion | mastication, deglutition, peristalsis, defectation. |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Peristalsis | Moving food through digestive tract |
| Defecation | Elimination |
| Chemical digestion | Breaks up large food molecules into compounds having smaller molecules brough about by digestive enzymes. |
| Carbohydrate digestion | Begins in mouth with chemical digestion but mainly in small intestine |
| End product of carbohydrate digestion | Simple sugars/most abundant is glucose |
| Pancreatic amylase | Changes starches to maltose |
| Maltase | Maltose to glucose |
| Sucrase | Sucrose to glucose |
| Lactase | Lactose to glucose |
| Protein digestion | Starts in stomach and completed in small intestine. |
| End product of carbohydrate digestion | Amino acids/protein building blocks |
| End product of fat digestion | Fatty acids and glycerol and is mechanical digestion of fats. |
| Absorption | Digested food moves from intestine into blood or lymph. |
| Metabolism | Performed by all body systems and is the use of foods. |
| Occurs in the large intestine | Absorption of water, salts & vitamins occurs in the large |
Created by:
ROSSMIBOA
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