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Mod1S1.2 LB BIO Mol
M1 S1.2 Lesson B Biological Molecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inorganic molecules | are(non-living) such as water (H20) and certain salts (e.g., NaCl). They play important roles in all living things. |
| Organic molecules | molecules of life - provide energy we need to live. always contain carbon and hydrogen, and often oxygen. Carbon has the ability to bond to four different atoms, so the chemistry of carbon allows the formation of a wide variety of organic molecules. |
| Insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas, stimulates the liver to absorb glucose and form glycogen when the glucose levels in the blood get too high. When glucose levels get too low, the liver breaks apart glucose and returns it to the blood. |
| Dehydration synthesis | process that joins two mono-saccharides to form a di-saccharide. The two simple sugars join and a water molecule is released. Dehydration means 'remove water' and synthesis means 'to make'...so dehydration synthesis means 'to make by removing water'. |
| macromolecules | To break down macromolecules, the cell uses a hydrolysis reaction in which the addition of water (H2O) causes the subunits of the macro-molecule to separate and degradation to take place. |
| What are the primary functions of carbohydrates? | -Carbohydrates on cell surfaces allow for cell-to-cell recognition. -to provide a quick, short-term energy source for all living organisms. -Carbohydrates also play an important role in the structure of plants. |
| What are polysaccharides? | long chain compounds for storage - Plants and animals use poly-saccharides, such as starch and glycogen, as storage compounds. The cellulose in the cell walls of plants is also a polysaccharide. |
| What’s the relationship between Monosaccharides and Disaccharides? | Monosaccharides are simple sugars, disaccharides are two such simple sugars joined together. Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides, maltose and sucrose are disaccharides. |
| What's the relationship between Glucose, Fructose and Isomers? | Glucose, a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) is the sugar in our blood. Fructose, the sugar that sweetens fruit, and galactose, the sugar found in milk, have the same chemical formula but a different formation as glucose and are therefore isomers of glucose. |
| Isomers | Isomers have the same composition but a different arrangement of their atoms and have different properties. |
| What’s the relationship between Monomer/Polymer? | Monomers are unit molecules, that when bonded together form polymer molecules. |
| What’s the relationship between Dehydration Synthesis/Hydrolysis? | Dehydration synthesis produces new macromolecules resulting from the bonding of monomers with the removal of water. Hydrolysis works in the opposite way, degrading molecules by adding water, breaking the bonds between monomers. |
| What’s the relationship between Cellular energy/Carbohydrate? | Carbohydrates are the main source of cellular energy. When broken down in mitochondria, carbohydrates provide energy, while releasing lower energy molecules like CO2 and H2O. |
| What’s the relationship between Hexose/Glucose? | Hexoses are simple sugars with 6 carbons. Glucose is an example of a hexose. |
| What’s the relationship between Starch/glycogen? | Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides. They differ in their molecular structure...starch is generally straighter chains of glucose molecules, whereas glycogens are highly branched. |
| Hydrolysis | A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is added to a large macro-molecule, causing it to separate into smaller subunits. |
| What is a formula for a carbohydrate? | C5H10O5 |
| Starch and glycogen are examples of…? | polysaccharides |
| A six-carbon sugar is associated with…? | glucose |
| What’s the differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides? | Monosaccharides are simple sugars, disaccharides are two such simple sugars joined together, and polysaccharides are long, chain-like polymers such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen that are ideal for storing. |
| What's the relationship between Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides? | Monosaccharides give cells energy; Polysaccharides store energy. For example glucose gives energy (monosaccharide); as well glucose can be gathered and formed into glycogen (polysaccharide) to store the glucose. |
| What’s the importance of pH to biological system? | To keep homeostasis – the balance amongst the functions and interactions of all the cells in an organism. |
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sarabarbot
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