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Human A&P Endocrine
College-level human anatomy & physiology endocrine system
| Hint | Answer |
|---|---|
| This body system we are studying secretes its hormones/enzymes into tubes or ducts | The Exocrine System |
| Secretions affect only the neighboring cells | Paracrine Secretions |
| Secretions affect only the secreting cells themselves | Autocrine Secretions |
| The hormonal system we're studying where glands' secretions go directly into the bloodstream | Endocrine System |
| Two other names for the Pituitary Gland | Master Gland, Hypophysis |
| This endocrine gland is largest in infants and children, much smaller in adults and elderly | Thymus |
| Endocrine gland responsible for melatonin production, circadian rhythms | Pineal Gland |
| The three types of pancreatic endocrine cells [name them] | Alpha, beta, delta |
| The two hormones stored/released from the Posterior Pituitary | Oxytocin, ADH (vasopressin). Remember, doesn't MAKE them, just stores/releases them. |
| The term for hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands | Tropic hormones |
| Define Humoral Stimulus | Change in blood levels of ions/molecules which stimulates hormone release. Example: Insulin released in response to increased blood sugar levels |
| Define Neural Stimulus | Nerve fibers stimulate release of hormones |
| Define Hormonal Stimulus | Most common manner of stimulation of hormones, where endocrine organs are stimulated by other hormones |
| Pancreatic Alpha cells secrete this | Glucagon (increases blood glucose levels). Don't confuse the terms glucagon and glycogen. |
| Pancreatic Beta cells secrete this | Insulin (decreases blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose, the production of glycogen and fat) |
| Pancreatic Delta cells secrete this | Somatostatin (the inhibitor. In this case, it is inhibiting alpha and beta cells thru a paracrine affect) |
| Disease marked by HYPOsecretion of cortisol and aldosterone | Addison's Disease |
| Disease marked by HYPERsecretion of cortisol | Cushing Syndrome (moon face) |
| Hormone produced by the Zona Glomerlosa of the adrenal cortex | Aldosterone |
| Hormone released by the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex | Cortisol |
| Hormone released by the Zona Reticularis of the Adrenal Cortex | Androgens-DHEA and Adrenal Estrogen |
| Two parts of the Adrenal Gland [outer and inner portions] | Cortex and Medulla |
| Thyroid Gland's Parafollicular cells produce this | Calcitonin |
| Follicular cells of the Thyroid Gland produce these | T3 and T4 |
| Which is the more powerful: T3 or T4 | T3 |
| Parathyroid Gland produces this hormone | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
| Adrenal Medulla produces these two hormones (catecholamines) | Epinephrine, Norepinephrine |
| Two other names for the Anterior Pituitary gland | Pars distalis, Adenohypophysis |
| Anterior pituitary is directly connected to the hypothalamus via this capillary system | Hypophyseal portal veins |
| Another name for the "pituitary stalk" connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland | Infundibulum |
| This hormone secreted by the Adrenal Cortex conserves Na+ and excretes K+ | Aldosterone |
| This hormone secreted by the Adrenal Cortex is especially used in times of stress | Cortisol |
| Two well-known hormones secreted by the ovaries | Estrogen and progesterone |
| Well-known hormone secreted by the testes | Testosterone |
| True or False: The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions | True |
| The specific part of the pancreas that has endocrine functions [like little islands of cells] | Islet of Langerhans |
| These hormones are released by the hypothalamus | GnRH, TRH, CRH, PRH, GHRH, Somatostatin [note how most of the names have "R" in them for "releasing"] |
| Hormones produced by the Anterior Pituitary in response to the "releasing" hormones from the Hypothalamus | FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, PRL, GH |
| Hypopituitarism, which causes stunted growth, is also known as what? | Pituitary dwarfism |
| What does "SAD" mean? | "Seasonal Affective Disorder" -- Pineal gland believed involved. |
| The hormone somatostatin does what? | It inhibits other hormones |
| What CALCITONIN does | "Tones down" [reduces] amount of calcium in the bloodstream |
| What does PARATHYROID HORMONE do? | Increases the amount of calcium in the bloodstream |
Created by:
HollyBee
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