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Bio exam
chapters 1,2,3, 4,5, and 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an independent variable? | condition that is manipulated or changed in the experiment |
| What is a dependent variable? | experimental data that is observed and measured during the experiement (outcome) |
| What is a constant? | conditions that do not change during an experiment (stays the SAME) |
| What is a control? | treated exactly like experiment subject except for the independent variable being studied |
| What are the 6 steps of the scientific method? | 1) State the problem/ ask question 2) gather info (reasearch) 3) form a hypothesis 4) test a hypothesis 5) anaylze data 6) draw conclusions |
| What is the difference between a "theory" and a "law"? | Theory is a proposed explanation, can be changed, not always correct, can NEVER be proven Law is proven and supported through scientific discovery, only changed conflicting scientific evidence is proved |
| What would be an example of unethical behavior in a scientific investigation? | falsifying data for the benefit of an experiment or testing unsafe drugs on humans |
| What would a scientist use to prevent contamination in an experiment? | sterile technique, make sure everything is clean and sterile (a.e. glassware, hands) |
| List some steps to stay safe while conducting experiments in the lab | 1) wear safety goggles 2) no eating 3) tie up loose clothing articles 4) follow intructor's directions |
| What is homeostasis? | maintenance of internal conditions in an organism (regulate behavior, monitor any negative feedback to maintain) |
| What is metabolism? | The sum of all chemical processes that build up or break down materials in an organism |
| What is adaptation? | inherited trait that give indiviual organisms an advantage and is passed down through future generations |
| What is evolution? | changing of a living thing over time (Because of where they live) can eventually change the entire genetic makeup of a population |
| What is a biosphere? | all living things and all places on Earth |
| What is an ecosystem? | a physical environment with interacting living and non-living things |
| What are the 7 characteristics that are common for all living things? | 1) cellular organization 2) homeostasis 3) metabolism 4) responsiveness (react to environment) 5) reproduction 6) heredity 7) growth |
| How are positive ions formed? | giving away electrons to have a positive charge |
| How do negative ions form? | recieving extra electrons to get a negative charge |
| Describe ionic bonds | giving away electrons to make stable atoms (magnet) |
| Describe covalent bonds | sharing electrons to make stable atoms (water) |
| What is the difference between "cohesion" and "adhesion"? | Cohesion- attraction among molecules of the same substance adhesion- attraction among molecules of different substances |
| Describe pH scale | acids: (1-6) high H+ concentration, 7= neutral Bases: (8-14) low H+ concentration |
| What is an example of a carbohydrate? | (short term energy source) ex: sugar, starches, polysaccharides. monosaccharides |
| What is an example of a lipid? | (long term energy source) ex: fats, oils, steriods, candle wax |
| What is an example of a protein? | composed of amino acids (used for building structure and supporting the body) |
| What is an example of nucleic acids? | Building DNA structures |
| What is an endothermic reaction? | releases more energy than it absorbs |
| What is an exothermic reaction? | absorbs more energy than it releases |
| What is activation energy? | the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start |
| What is a catalyst? | a substance that decreases activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction, it increases the rate of a chemical reaction |
| What are substrates? | specific reactants that an enzyme (catalyst) acts on |
| What are polar molecules? | slightly positive and slightly negative regions (act like little magnets) |
| What are non-polar molecules? | do NOT have these charged regions (ex: oil, candlewax) |
| Why don't polar and non-polar molecules mix? | They cannot react because they have different structures |
| What are the unique properties of water? (4) | 1)high specific heat- resists temp change, retains a LARGE amount of heat 2) cohesion- makes molecules stick to eachother 3) adhesion- water molecules stick to other things 4) floats when frozen |
| What is required for a chemical reaction to occur between two substrates if no enzyme is present? | a LOT more (large amount) of activation energy |
| What is the purpose of the cell membrane? | to protect the cell from the external environment by preventing unwanted movement of materials into and out of the cell |
| What is homeostasis? | the maintaining of constant internal conditions no matter what the external conditions may be |
| Why is homeostasis important? | prevents cell from being too hot, too cold, too dry, have improper pH level, etc... |
| What is a phospholipid? | molecules that form the cell membrane (polar phosphate head, 2 fatty acid tails) |
| What is the lipid bilayer? | double layer of polar heads and fatty acid tails that restrict water movement into and out of the cell |
| What are cell surface markers? | Identify cells and bind to receptor proteins |
| What are receptor proteins? | they recieve signals from cell surface markers |
| What are enzymes? | used by the body to speed up biochemical reactions |
| What are transport proteins? | used to move large molecules across the cell membrane |
Created by:
erinwoods
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