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Bio - Chapter 2
Chapter 2: Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a substance that can RELEASE a proton in solution | acid |
| a negatively charged ion | anion |
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Determines the chemical properties of the atom. | atomic number |
| the average of the mass numbers of a representative sample of atoms of an element, with all the isotopes in their normally occurring proportions aka atomic mass | atomic weight |
| the smallest unit of a chemical element; consists of a nucleus and one or more electrons | atom |
| a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion in a solution | base |
| a substance that can transiently accept or release hydrogen ions and thereby resist changes in PH | buffer |
| an ion with one or more positive charges | cation |
| an attractive force stably linking two atoms | chemical bond |
| the change in the composition or distribution of atoms of a substance with consequent alterations in properties | chemical reaction |
| the tendency of molecules (or any substances) to stick together | cohesion |
| a substance made up of atoms of more than one element | compound |
| chemical bond based on the sharing of electrons between two atoms | covalent bond |
| the region surrounding the atomic nucleus at a fixed energy level in which electrons orbit | electron shells |
| a subatomic particle outside the nucleus carrying a negative charge and very little mass | electrion |
| a substance that cannot be converted to simpler substances by ordinary chemical means | element |
| the capacity to do work or move matter against an opposing force or to accomplish change in physical and chemical systems | energy |
| the energy that must be supplied to convert a molecule from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point | heat of vaporization |
| a weak electrostatic bond which arises from the attraction between a slight positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a slight negatively charge on a nearby oxygen or nitrogen atom | hydrogen bond |
| having an affinity for water | hydrophillic |
| having an aversion to water; uncharged and nonpolar groups of atoms are this | hydrophobic |
| an electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions | ionic bond |
| an electrically charged particles that formed when an atom gains or loses one or more electrions | ion |
| this of a given chemical element have the same number of protons in their nuclei (and thus are in the same position on the periodic table), but differ in the number of neutrons | isotope |
| the sum of the number or protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus | mass number |
| the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule | molecular weight |
| a chemical substance made up of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds or ionic attractions | molecule |
| one of the three fundamental particles of matter, with mass approximately 1 amu and no electrical charge | nuetron |
| in cells, the centrally located compartment of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a double-membrane and contains chromosomes | nucleus |
| a region in space surrounding the atomic nucleus in which an electron is most likely to be found | orbital |
| the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of acidity of a substance | pH |
| pH=7 | neutral |
| pH values higher than 7 | base |
| pH values lower than 7 | acid |
| having seperate and opposite electric charges at two ends | polar |
| a subatomic particle with a positive charge | proton |
| a radioactive isotope of an element | radioisotope |
| a chemical substance that enters into a chemical reaction with another substance | reactant |
| a substance that is dissolved in a liquid to form a solution | solute |
| a liquid and its dissolved solutes | solution |
| liquid in which a substance is dissolved to form a solution | solvent |
| the amount of energy that must be absorbed by a gram of a substance to raise its temperatures by one degree C (centigrade) | specific heat |
| weak attractions between atoms resulting from the interaction of the electrons of one atom with the nucleus of another. This type of attraction is about 1/4 as strong as a hydrogen bond. | van der Waals forces |
Created by:
mnezaj
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