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Unit 7
Biochemistry and photosynthesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical reaction | The process of changing one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals by the process of breaking and forming bonds |
| chemical equation | Shows what happens during a chemical reaction |
| reactants | substances in a chemical reaction- elements, compounds, or molecules |
| product | substances produced by a chemical reaction- elements, compounds, or molecules |
| subscript | small numbers on the lower right of an element- number of atoms |
| coefficient | large numbers in front of an element-represent molecules or compounds |
| chemical equalibrium | when a reaction takes place at an equal rate in both directions |
| metabolism | All of the chemical reactions in an organism |
| chemical/ metabolic pathway | The altering of molecules in steps |
| catabolic | release energy by breaking down molecules |
| anabolic | consume enrgy by building up molecules |
| bond energy | The amount of energy needed to break a bond |
| activation energy | enregy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| endothermic/ endergonic reaction | absorbs more energy than it releases- makes environment feel cold |
| exothermic/ exergonic reaction | gives off more energy than it consumes |
| reaction rates | the rate at which a chemical reaction happens |
| concentration | increase in concentration of a reactant increases the rate of a reaction and vise versa |
| surface area | an increase in the surface area of one of the reactants will increase the speed of a reaction and vise versa |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed |
| enzyme | protein, biological catalyst |
| transition state | The top of the hill where the reactants are unstable |
| substrate | The reactant an enzyme reacts on |
| active site | The region of an enzyme where a substrate binds |
| enzyme- substrate complex | the substrate binded to the enzyme |
| induced fit | how the substrate fits into the enzyme |
| inhibition | When certain chemicals inhibit the action of an enzyme |
| competitive inhibition | molecules bind to the enzyme preventing the substrate from binding |
| allosteric site | the site where an inhibitor binds to an enzyme |
| allosteric inhibition | where an inhibitor binds to an enzyme causing it to change shape |
| negitive feedback | accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process |
| positive feedback | accumulation of an end product speeds up its production |
| optimal conditions | the temp. or ph that favors the most active shape for the enzyme |
| photosynthesis | when photoautotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water in to carbs. and oxygen in the presence of light. 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| chloroplast | The organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis |
| Stomata | tiny openings in leaves |
| thylakoid membrane | the membrane around a thylakoid made up of a phospholipid bilayer |
| pigment | light-absorbing molecules |
| chlorophyll | a molecule found in chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis |
| thylakoid | sacs in chloroplasts with light absorbing molecules |
| lumen | area outside of a htylakoid |
| lamella | membrane system that connects the thylakoids |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids |
| stroma | the liquid surrouding thylakoids |
| outer chloroplast membrane | The outer most membrane of a chloroplast made up of a phospholipid bilayer |
| inner chloroplast membrane | the inner most membrane of a chloroplast made up of a phospholipid bilayer |
| intermembrane space of chloroplast | the space between the outer and inner membranes of a chloroplast |
| light dependent reactions (light reactions) | the first reactions in photosynthesis which depend on light to energy to function |
| light independent reactions (dark reactions) | the second reactions in photosynthesis which do not directly need sunlight to function |
| carrier molecule | proteins that carry electrons through the transport chain through oxydation and reduction |
| NADP+/ NADPH | an energy molecule that carries energy in photosynthesis |
| ions | atoms with a charge |
| photo-phosphorylation | the synthesis of ATP |
| accessory pigments | other pigment in a plant but in a small amount |
| photosystems | the two parts of light reactions where ADP and NADP+ are paired with a charged electron |
Created by:
jbishop415
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