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Toby's Respiratory

All things inspired

QuestionAnswer
How does airway resistance cause a drop in air pressure? Due to friction
What are 3 factors that determine airway resistance? Airflow, Airway radius, and Lung volume
Where does turbulence occur in the airway? Trachea
Where does laminar flow occur? Terminal Bronchioles
What factor causes resistance to laminar airflow? Airway Radius
Which is the main site of lung airway resistance, smallest airways or medium-sized bronchi? Medium-sized bronchi
As lung volume increases, what happens to airway resistance? Airway resistance decreases.
Describe obstructive disease in terms of FEV and FVC. Both reduced with FEV/FVC ratio.
Describe restrictive disease in terms of FEV and FVC. Reductions in both with normal or increased FEV/FVC ration.
Name two sources of resistance to air movement. Compliance and Frictional Resistance.
Name two sources of Frictional Resistance and state which is the predominant source. Tissue Resistance (20%) and Airway resistance (80%).
What is the source of Tissue Resistance? The friction between the pleura during inspiration.
State the relationships of resistance factors using an analogy to Ohm's Law. Airway resistance equals the change in pressure (between mouth and alveoli) divided by volume.
What is the predominant type of airflow in lungs, occurring as mostly straight with a few eddies at junctions? Transitional
For laminar flow, what is the effect on resistance when radius is doubled? 16-fold decrease
For laminar flow, what is the effect on resistance when length is doubled? Doubled resistance
Name two factors that increase the probability of turbulence. High air flow and large airway diameter.
What values of Reynold's number indicate a high chance of turbulence? >2000
What is radial traction? As alveoli expand, they exert tension on airways, pulling them open.
In what ways does smooth muscle tone affect airway resistance? Irritants and parasympathetic stimulation decrease decrease airway radii, while sympathetic stimulation increases radii.
Name three major types of obstructive lung disease. Chronic bronchitis - narrowed radius due to mucus secretions, asthma - increase in smooth muscle tone, usually from inflammation, and emphysema - loss of radial traction due to lack of elastic tissue.
What occurs during forced expiration? Peripheral airways collapse, limiting flow.
How does the decline in flow during forced expiration vary with varied effort or varied lung volume? It doesn't vary. It is limited by airway compression.
How is transairway pressure determined? Airway pressure minus pleural pressure. When this value is positive, the airway is open; when it is negative, the airway collapses.
How is transpulmonary pressure determined? Alveolar pressure minus pleural pressure.
During normal airflow, how does airway pressure compare to alveolar and mouth pressures? Somewhere between the two.
What values make up alveolar pressure? It is the sum of elastic recoil and pleural pressures.
3 factors that determine FEV1? Lung volume, Airway resistance, Airway collapes.
Most important FEV1-reducing factor in obstructive disease? Increased Airway resistance.
Most important FEV1-reducing factor in restrictive disease? Low lung volume.
FVC reducer in obstructive disease? Early Airway collapse.
FVC reducer in restrictive disease? Low Total Lung Capacity.
Created by: tobyburke
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