Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
vocab bio 02
Human Biology Chapter 2 Vocab.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid | Substances that dissociate (break up) in water, releasing hydrogen ions. |
| Adenine (A) | One of the four different type of bases in DNA. |
| ADP (adenosine diphosphate) | Usually in cells, the last phosphate bond is hydrolyzed, leaving the molecule ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a molecule of inorganic phosphate. |
| Amino Acid | Organic molecule having an amino group and an acid group, which covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules. |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element. |
| Atomic Mass | Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons with the nucleus. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons within the nucleus of an atom. |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP+ P makes energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells. |
| Base | Substances that either take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-). |
| Buffer | Substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity. |
| Calorie | Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 Celsius. |
| Carbohydrate | Class of organic compounds that includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide that is the major complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls. |
| Complementary paired bases | Hydrogen bonding between particular bases; in DNA, thymine(T), pairs with adenine(A), and guanine(G) pairs with cytosine (C); in RNA, uracil (U) pairs with (A), and (G) pairs with (C) |
| Compound | Substances having two or more different elements united chemically in a fixed ration |
| Covalent bond | Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons. |
| Cytosine (C) | One of four nitrogen bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA. |
| Dehydration reaction | Chemical reaction resulting in a covalent bond with the accompanying loss of a water molecule |
| Denaturation | Loss of normal shape by an enzyme so that it no longer functions; caused by a less- than- optimal pH or temperature. |
| Disaccharide | Sugar that contains two units of monosaccharide. |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms. |
| Electron | Negative subatomic particle, moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of an atom. |
| Element | Substance that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties;composed of only one type of atom. |
| Emulsification | Breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts or any other emulsifier. |
| Fat | Organic molecule that contains glycerol and fatty acids; found in adipose tissue. |
| Fatty acid | Molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group. |
| Glucose | Six- Carbon sugar that organisms degrade as a source of energy during cellular respiration. |
| Glycogen | Storage Polysaccharide composed of molecules joined in a linear fashion but having numerous branches. |
| Guanine | One or four nitrogen- containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of SNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine. |
| Hemoglobin | Iron containing pigment in red blood cells that combines with and transports oxygen. |
| Hexose | Six carbon sugar. |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another, or between parts of the same molecule |
| Hydrolysis reaction | Splitting of a compound by the addition of water, with H+ being incorporated in one fragment and the OH- in the other. |
| Hydrophilic | Type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and/or forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. |
| Hydrophobic | Type of molecule that does not interact with water because it is nonpolar. |
| Ion | Charged particle that carries a negative or positive charge. |
| Ionic bond | Chemical bonds in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges. |
| Isotope | One of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass due to the number of neutrons. |
| Lipid | Class of organic compounds that tends to be soluble only in nonpolar solvents such as alcohol; includes fats and oils. |
| Macromolecule | Extremely large biological molecule; refers specifically to proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and complexes of these. |
| Mass | An atom's quantity of matter. |
| Mass number | The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| Mole | A unit of scientific measurement for atoms, ions, and molecules. |
| Molecule | Union of two or more atoms of the same element; also, the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compound. |
| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar; carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. |
| Neutron | Neutral subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and having a weight of approximately one atomic mass unit. |
| Nucleotide | Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5- carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogen containing base and phosphate group. |
| Nucleus | Membrane bounded organelle that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of a cell. |
| Oil | Substance, usually of plant origin and liquid at room temperature, formed when a glycerol molecule reacts with three fatty acid molecules. |
| Orbital | Pathways in which electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom. |
| Organic | Refers to a molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen, and often contains oxygen as well; organic molecules are associated with living things. |
| Organic molecule | Type of molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and often contains oxygen also. |
| Pentose | Five carbon sugar. Deoxyribose is the pentose sugar found in DNA; ribose is a pentose sugar found in RNA |
| Peptide bond | Type of covalent bond that joins to amino acids. |
| Phospholipid | Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic tails. |
| pH scale | Measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration. |
| Polar | Combination of atoms in which the electrical charge is not distributed symmetrically. |
| Polypeptide | Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds. |
| Polysaccharide | Polymer made from sugar monomers; the polysaccharides starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose monomers. |
| Protein | Molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides. |
| Proton | Positive subatomic particle, locate in the nucleus and having a weight of approximately one atomic mass unit. |
| Radioisotope | Unstable form of an atom that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of radioactive particles or radiant energy. |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. |
| Saturated fatty acid | Fatty acid molecule that lacks double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain. |
| Starch | Storage polysaccharide found in plants; composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion with few side chains. |
| Steroid | Type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings; examples are cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterone. |
| Thymine | (T) One of four nitrogen containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA; pairs with sdenine. |
| Tracer | Substance having an attached radioisotope that allows a researcher to track its whereabouts in a biological system. |
| Trans fat | Fats, which occur naturally in meat and dairy products of ruminants, that are also industrially treated through partial hydrogenation of plant oils and animal fats. |
| Triglyceride | Neutral fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | Fatty acid molecule that has one or more double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain. |
| Uracil(U) | (U) The base in RNA that replaces thymine found in DNA; pairs with adenine. |
Created by:
IvonneM
Popular Biology sets