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Bio Genetics 9

Genetics info for quiz 1/18/13

QuestionAnswer
Homologous Chromosome pair of chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes; may have different alleles
Autosome chromosome containing genes that do not affect the organism's gender
Somatic Cell cell that makes up all of the body but the gametes
Gamete sex cell
Trait inherited feature
Genetics study of heredity and organism variation
Purebred organism with ancestors that are genetically the same
Cross two organisms mating
Punnett Square chart used to find possible genotypes
Law of Segregation Mendel's first law: organisms inherit two gene copies and only donate one gene copy in each gamete
Gene DNA region coding for a protein
Allele alternative gene forms at a place on a chromosome
Genome all genetic material of an organism
Dominant two different alleles in a genotype
Recessive allele not expressed unless two are present in genotype
Law of Independent Assortment Mendel's second law: allele pairs separate during gamete formation/meiosis
Homozygous two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids
Heterozygous two different alleles at the same locus
Genotype all genetic information coding for traits
Phenotype all physical characteristics
Monohybrid Cross cross of one contrasting traits pair
Testcross cross of an unknown genotype and a recessive phenotype
Dihybrid Cross cross of two contrasting traits pairs
Probability likelihood that an event will occur
Who is the father of genetics? Gregor Mendel
Genetics study of biological inheritance of traits
Why did Mendel choose to work with pea plants? model organisms
What makes a model organism? short germination period and controllable mating
Pea plant traits studied by Mendel Pea shape, Pea color, Pod shape, Pod color, Plant height, Flower color, Flower position
Traits are inherited as what? Discrete units
Incomplete Dominance One allele is not completely dominant over the other, causing the heterozygous genotype to result in a blend of the two phenotypes
Co-Dominance Both alleles contribute to the phenotype and are expressed
Multiple Alleles Genes have more than two alleles coding for a trait in a population
Sex-linked disorders Carried on X and Y chromosomes; females have to get two copies of the gene to show the disorder, while males only need one copy
Polygenic Traits characterized by gene interaction
Epistasis Polygenic type; certain alleles on different genes can affect whether or not a phenotype is expressed
Created by: reneslacis
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