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Unit 6
Part 1- cell structures and organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organelle | a membrane bound part of a cell having a specific function |
| cell | the most basic unit of structure and function |
| cell thoery | 1. all living things are made of cells 2. all cells come from preexisting cells 3. cells are the most basic unit of sturcture and function |
| prokaryotic | a cell with no nucleus, membrane bound organelles, and divides by binary fission |
| eukaryotic | a cell having membrane bound organelles, a nucleus, and that divides by mitosis |
| unicellular | made up of one cell |
| multicellular | made up of many cells |
| kingdom | the highest classification of organisms in taxonomy |
| domain | grouping of organisms below a kingdom based on DNA similarities |
| cell wall | provides structure and protection to a plant cell |
| cell membrane | a semi-permeable membrane that contains cytosol and ribosomes |
| cytoplasm | the space in a cell that contains cytosol and organelles |
| cytosol | semifluid jelly substance in a cell |
| nucleus | The center of a eukaryotic cell that controls the cell's activities and contains most of it's DNA |
| nucleolus | Small region inside the nucleus. Produces RNA |
| chromatin | Combination of proteins and RNA that make up chromosomes |
| ribosomes- free | carry out protein synthesis and make proteins for their cell |
| ribosomes- attached | carry out protein synthesis and attach to E.R. and make proteins for transport out of cell |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | no ribosomes, internal membrane system,involved in the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs., stores and regulates calcium levels, breaks down toxic substances |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | has ribosomes attached,proteins are made in ribosomes, modified with carbs., released into transport vesicles, adds membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane, portions then break off |
| transport vesicle | bud off from E.R., deliver packages like proteins |
| golgi apparatus | stacks of flat membranes, has enzymes that process, package, sort, and secrete substances |
| lysosomes | made by E.R. and modified by the golgi apparatus, digest macromolecules |
| mitochondria | cellular respiration which provides ATP, has a double membrane and its own DNA |
| chloroplast | site of photosynthesis, has double membrane and its own DNA |
| large central vacuole | A large sack in a plant cell that holds waste, nutrients, and mostly water |
| centrosomes | A region near the nucleus, microtubules grow off of it |
| centrioles | paired organelles found within centrosome |
| cytoskeleton | network of structures that support and protect the cell |
| microtubules | maintain cell shape, hollow, chromosomes and organelles movement |
| microfilaments | maintain cell shape, muscle contraction |
| intermediate filaments | maintain cell shape, anchor the nucleus and other organelles |
| motility | Cilia, flagella and pseudophodia move cell and materials over cell |
| cilia | short extensions of microtubules on a cell that move objects over a cell |
| flagella | large microtubules that move the cell |
| pseudophodia | the movement of a cell by stretching and comeing back together |
Created by:
jbishop415
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