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AP Bio

Chapter 16 vocab

QuestionAnswer
Phages A virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage.
double helix The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
semiconservative model Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand.
replication fork A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
DNA polymerase An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
leading strand The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5’ ( 3’ direction.
lagging strand A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
DNA ligase A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of a new DNA fragment to the 5’ end of a growing chain.
Helicase An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
mismatch pair The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
telomerase An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments.
Origins of replication Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
Nuclease An enzyme that hydrolyzes DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides.
Single-strand binding protein During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA.
Created by: swimifishi
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