Chromosome theory of inheritance

A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.

A gene located on a sex chromosome.

Genes located close enough together on a chromosome to be usually inherited together.

Genetic recombination

General term for the production of offspring that combine traits of the two parents.

An offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also called recombinant type.

A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes.

An error in meiosis or mitosis, in which both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or both sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.

A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.

Referring to a cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.

Referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.

A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.

(1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.

An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.

An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment in a reverse orientation of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated.

(1) An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. (2) During protein synthesis, the third stage in the elongation cycle when the RNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves from the

A human genetic disease caused by presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.

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AP Bio

Chapter 15 vocab

Question	Answer
Chromosome theory of inheritance	A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
sex-linked genes	A gene located on a sex chromosome.
linked genes	Genes located close enough together on a chromosome to be usually inherited together.
Genetic recombination	General term for the production of offspring that combine traits of the two parents.
recombinants	An offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also called recombinant type.
linkage map	A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes.
nondisjunction	An error in meiosis or mitosis, in which both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or both sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
Aneuploidy	A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
trisomic	Referring to a cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.
monosomic	Referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.
polyploidy	A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
deletion	(1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
duplication	An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.
inversion	An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment in a reverse orientation of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated.
translocation	(1) An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. (2) During protein synthesis, the third stage in the elongation cycle when the RNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves from the
Down Syndrome	A human genetic disease caused by presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.

Created by: swimifishi

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