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Chapter 2
Basic Chemistry Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Elements | Substance that can not be broken down chemically into anything but itself |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms bonded together Ex CO2 , O2 |
| Carbon | Molecule that all living things are made up of |
| Oxygen | Used in process that produces high energy molecules of ATP |
| Free Radicals | is what your body creates -BAD! -Damage DNA -Highly Oxygenated -Risk Factor for cancer -Steals Electrons oxygen very magnetic |
| Anti-Oxidants | Fight off free radicals -Vitamins A,C,E |
| Proteins | C-carbon H-hydrogen O-oxygen N-nitrogen <- mandatory S-Sulfer (also common) |
| CHO | carbon oxygen hydrogen -create lipids, fats, Carbohydrates |
| DNA | Production of the proteins Life is DNA it makes proteins to protect is and help it reproduce IMPORTANCE 1-DNA 2-Proteins |
| Ions | Charged Atoms |
| Which Atoms Are involved in the nervous system | Na^+ and K^+ |
| Electrolytes | Ions that carry electrical current in solution Na K Ca Cl Fe |
| Where in the body is Iron Found ? | In the blood (Hemoglobin) -Makes up redblood cells |
| What is the Strongest Acid found in the human Body ? | HCL |
| Whare is Cl found ? | In Salts Ex NaCl |
| What two Elements to women supplement ? | Iron And Calcium |
| What Is Calcium important for ? | Bones, Teeth, Muscles |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that behaves like the element - Has Nucleus -Has Area Outside Nucleus |
| Nucleus Inside | -Protons (+) -Neutrons (0) |
| Outside Nucleus | - electrons orbit around e(-) -Shells |
| How many Electrons can the shells hold out side the nucleus | 2 in the first and 8 in all the others |
| What is the outermost shell called ? | The Valance Shell reacts with all other atoms |
| Covalent Bonds | Equal Sharing of Electrons (non-polar) ex CH4 |
| Polar Covalent Bonds | Unequal Sharing of electrons (polar) Ex H20 |
| Electronegativity | How strong does 1 atom pull on electrons within a bond |
| Hydrogen Bons | When H already bonded to e-neg atom is also attracted to e-neg atom of different molecule |
| Ionic Bonds | When Charges are Shared Na^+ Cl^- NaCl |
| Oil Is ? | Non Polar - Repels water |
| Hydrophobic | Water Hater -repels -(non polar) |
| Hydrophilic | Water Loving -Polar |
| Heating of Vaporization | -takes energy to get from liquid to gas -As water evaporates heat goes with |
| Heat Vs Temp | Heat - All of the energy in system Temp - measure of intensity |
| Specific Heat | how much energy is needed to raise 1 gram of liquid by 1 degree Celsius |
| Cohesion & Adhesion | Cohesion-Sticks to itself (fits together Adhesion-Sticks to something |
| Acids | -give off H ion -smaller pH below 7 |
| Bases | Take on Hydrogen Ions Or release OH |
| pH | -log[H]=pH Goes Up exponentially |
| How Do you lower pH | By adding H ions to it |
| Hydroxyl | OH found in carbs,protiens,lipids |
| Carbonyl | C-O bond found in Carbs and Nucleic Acid |
| Amino | N-H-H |
| Sulfhydryl | S-H |
| Phosphate | PO4 |
| Methyl | CH3 |
Created by:
osabdelr
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