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Final exam
Science 1st marking period
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Theory | An explanation for a phonamena that is based off of an observation, experiment,and reasoning; that does not conflict with any experiment results or observations. |
| Geology | The scientific study of the origin,history, and structure of earth and the process tht shapes the Earth |
| Independant variable | The variable in the experiment that the scientist changes |
| atmosphere | A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon |
| Ecosyststem | A community organisms in there natural environment |
| Contour line | A line that connects points with equal elevation on a map |
| Mineral | A natural,usually Inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties |
| Rock cycle | The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes. |
| Metamorphic rock | A type of rock that changes from one kind to another by heat or pressure. |
| Fossil fuel | A nonrenewable energy resource formed from old organism remains |
| Hydroelectric energy | Electric energy produced by water |
| Relative age | The age of an object in relation to other objects (not in number form) |
| Uniformitaianism | A principal that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by today's geological processes |
| Period | A u it of geological time that is longer than epoch but shorter than a era |
| Geologic column | An ordered arrangement of rock of rock layers that is based in the relative ages of the rocks and in which the older rocks are at the bottom. |
| Continental drift | The hypothesis that the continents were one major landmass ad broke apart then drifted into their present positions |
| Divergent boundaries | Boundries of plates that moved apart from each other and leave a mid ocean ridge |
| Seismograph | The instrument that records the vibrations in the ground |
| P wave | The primary wave that moves up and down and is the fastest wave |
| Epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point, or focus |
| Observations | Observing things using the 5 senses |
| Earth sciences | The scientific of earth and the universe around it |
| Hypothesis | An educated guess |
| Biosphere | The part of the earth where life exists |
| Legend | A list of Mao symbols and their meanings (key) |
| Scale | the relationship between the distance shown on the map and in real life. |
| non silicate | A mineral that does not contain silicon and oxygen |
| Silicate | A mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen and may contain one or more metals |
| Sedimentary rock | Loose rock or sediment that has been compacted or cemented together by heat or pressure. |
| Extrusive igneouse rock | Rocks that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface |
| Nuclear fission | The process by which the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into two or more fragments;the process releases neutrons and energy |
| Recycling | The process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap; |
| Index fossil | A fossil used to show the ages of the surrounding rocks |
| Eras | A Unit o geological time that includes two or more periods |
| Sea floor spreading | The process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a mid ocean ridge |
| Paleomagnetism | The study of the alignment of magnetic minerals in rock, specifically if it relates to the magnetic poles |
| Elastic rebound | When an object's shape is deformed by a force and when that force is released the object returns to its original shape |
| S wave | The secondary wave hat moves from side to side and is the 2nd fastest wave |
| Volcanism | Any activity tha includes the movement of magma toward or onto Earth's surface |
| Explosives eruption | A volcanic eruptin that is Manley felsic lava which is sticky and creates a large eruption |
| Hydrosphere | The portion of the Earth that is water |
| Elevation | The height of an object above sea level |
| Topography | The size and shape of the land surface features of a region, including it s relief |
| Cleavage | The tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of a weakness to form a smooth flat surface |
| Regional metamorphism | A change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, usually because of tectonic forces |
| Igneous rock | Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| Nuclear fusion | The process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form new, more massive nuclei; this process releases energy |
| Solar energy | The energy received by Earth from the sun in the form of radiation |
| Geothermal energy | The energy produced by heat within the earth |
| Absolute age | Age of an object(using numbers) |
| Law of superposition | The principal that a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above itabd younger than the layers above it the layers are not disturbed |
| Epochs | A geologic time that is longer than an age but shorter than a period |
| Plate tectonics | The theory hat explains how large prices of the lithosphere, called plates, move an change shape |
| Transform boundaries | 2 plate boundaries that slide past eachother |
| Convergent boundaries | 2 plate boundaries converge into each other and one plate slides under the other one |
| Focus | The location within the earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
| Hot spot | A volcanically active area of Earth's surface, commonly far from a tectonic plane boundary ( Hawaii ) |
| Pyroclastic material | Fragments of rock that form during a volcanic eruption |
| Mine reclamation | Mining companies are asked to put the land back to how it was after mining |
| Queit eruption | Volcanic eruptions that mainly include magic magma and the lava just flows down the volcanoe |
| Closed system | When energy but not matter is exchanged with the surroundings |
| Open system | When both matter and energy are exchanged with the surroundings |
| Solar collector | An object that collects sunlight |
Created by:
summerkizo
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