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Biology Ch 15 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Changes in the characteristics within a population over a long period of time. Evolution
Rock layers Strata
This theory is best described as "survival of the fittest" and includes overproduction, genetic variation, struggle to survive, and differential reproduction. Natural selection
A measure of an individual's hereditary contribution to the next generation. Fitness
A trait that makes an individual successful in its environment. Adaptation
The remains or traces of an organism that died long ago. Fossil
This principle states that if the rock strata at a location have not been disturbed, the lowest layer was formed before the layer above it. Principle of superposition
A fossil's age compared to that of other fossils. Relative age
The time since a rock's formation. Absolute age
The study of the locations of organisms around the world. Biogeography
Body parts that occur in different species that came to be by the same heredity factors from the most common ancestor of the species (ex. bones found in human, penguin, and alligator forelimbs) Homologous structures
Body parts with closely related functions but do not come from the same ancestor. Analogous structures
Body parts that serve no function but that resemble parts with functional roles in other organisms (ex. tailbone) Vestigial structures
The relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms. Phylogeny
Different species evolve similar traits. Convergent evolution
The descendants of ONE ancestor change into species that each fit different parts of the environment. Divergent evolution
When a new population in a new environment diversifies (changes) until the population fills many parts of the environment. Adaptive radiation
A human breeder chooses (controls) individuals that will parent the next generation. Artificial selection
When two or more species develop adaptations to each other's influence. Coevolution
Created by: rdurante
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