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BIO145
Marine Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1Summarize marine knowledge before the nineteenth century. | Phoenicians "Navigators" 2000 BC Greek Aristotle "Marine biologist" Vikings/Dark Ages Arab traders/Middle Ages Europeans (Columbus, Magellan)/Renaissance created accurate maps Cpt Cook "Scientific observations, all oceans, accurate charts" Darwin 18 |
| 1List three major contributions to marine science made by the Challenger Expedition. | *Set new STANDARDS for ocean research *Systematic data collection with detailed record keeping *Laid the foundation for modern marine science |
| 1Describe the benefits and uses of both sonar and scuba. | Sonar:determine water depth, map sea floor, locate objects underwater Scuba:allows divers to breath under water, observe, collect and experiment with organisms below surface at greater depth for longer periods of time |
| 1Define remote sensing and give five examples of remote sensing technologies. | |
| 1Describe the sea lab Aquarius, including its location, purpose, and mission. | Only undersea laboratory dedicated to marine science in opperation. About 3 mi off the coast of Key Largo, Florida 60 ft under water Provides life support systems so scientists can live and work underwater with sophisticated research capabilities |
| 1Name two specific studies that biologists have carried out while on Aquarius. | Discoveries related to the damaging effects of ultraviolet light on coral reefs Long-term studies of reefs to help distinguish between changes caused by natural system variability and humans (due to pollution and overharvesting) |
| 1Describe several examples of how technology is used to study the marine environment. | |
| 3List two distinguishing characteristics for each of the following organic compounds: a.proteins b.carbohydrates c.lipids | a.proteins- b.carbohydrates- c.lipids- |
| 3Explain the importance of the ATP molecule to living organisms and why whales must use "tons" of ATP. | |
| 3Explain the difference between respiration and photosynthesis and describe the importance and function of each. Explain the specific function of mitochondria and chloroplasts in living cells. | |
| 3List at least three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. | |
| 3Given a list of levels of organization of living things, place them in order of increasing complexity. | |
| 2Describe the basic structure of the earth. Distinguish between Continental and Oceanic Crust. | |
| 2Define the following terms: a.continental drift b.mid-ocean ridge c.trench d.sea-floor spreading e.subduction f.fault | |
| 2Summarize the world events following the breakup of Pangaea. | |
| 2Explain how carbon dating techniques are used to determine past geologic events. | |
| 2List several distinguishing characteristics for each of the following oceanic provinces and features: a.continental shelf b.continental slope c.continental rise d.submarine canyon e. abyssal plains f.mid-ocean ridge | |
| 2Describe the structure of hydrothermal vents. Why are they called "black smokers"? | |
| 2Summarize the kinds of life found around hydrothermal vents. | |
| 2the structure of a water molecule. | |
| 2Name and describe the three physical states in which water is found. | |
| 2Explain why ice floats. | |
| 2Describe the effect of evaporation and precipitation on a body of saltwater. | |
| 2Describe the salinity of the ocean and how that salinity is determined. | |
| 2Describe the exchange of gases between the surface of the ocean and the air. | |
| 2Explain the diffusion of white light in a body of clear water. | |
| 2Explain the significance of increasing pressure with depth to life in the sea. | |
| 2Describe the Coriolis Effect and its effect on wind movements on Earth. | |
| 2Describe how equatorial currents differ from those currents north or south of the equator. | |
| 2Define the term biomixing. | |
| 2Define the term thermocline. | |
| 2Explain how the "great ocean conveyor" mixes water from great depths. | |
| 2Name one oscillation of the great ocean conveyor. | |
| 2Explain how waves form and what determines the size of waves. | |
| 2Describe what happens to a wave when it reaches shore. | |
| 2Explain the cause of tides. | |
| 2Distinguish between a spring tide and a neap tide. | |
| 1Describe what is meant by the term scientific method. | |
| 1•Describe the parts of the scientific method used to solve everyday problems, and describe the parts that are never used in daily life. | |
| 1•Define the terms hypothesis and prediction. | |
| 1•State the standard by which a scientist would or would not accept data as significant. | |
| 1•Design a simple experiment showing the use of an experimental group and a control group. | |
| 1•Summarize the difference between a variable and the control in an experiment. | |
| 1•Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. | |
| 1•Place the following steps of the scientific method in their proper order: ◦observe and raise question ◦offer to peers for retesting ◦analyze results of tests ◦run an experiment ◦draw conclusions from experiment ◦form hypothesis | |
| 3■Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. | |
| 3■Describe how life might have arisen by symbiosis. | |
| 3■Distinguish between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator. | |
| 3■Define the term osmoregulation and describe how marine and freshwater fish use different strategies to solve the problem of maintaining a stable water balance in their cells. | |
| 3■Explain how a sea turtle maintains a favorable water balance, differentiating between the terms ectotherm and endotherm. | |
| 3■Describe the concept of surface area to volume and explain how marine organisms solve surface area to volume problems. | |
| 3■Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction and name two unique reproductive strategies. | |
| 3•Define the term evolution. | |
| 3•Describe natural selection, the mechanism of evolution. | |
| 3•Define the term species and explain the importance of reproductive isolation in defining a species. | |
| 3•Explain the concept of binomial nomenclature. | |
| 3•Identify the kinds of organisms that would belong in each of the three domains of life. | |
| 3•Describe the distinguishing characteristics of protists, fungi, plants, and animals. | |
| 4-Diatom | *Cell walls made of FRUSTULE of SILICA *Potential source of BIOFUELS *Diatomaceous earth-pool filters, Abrasive in toothpaste *Auxospores *All primary producers *Asexual reproduction (cell division) |
| 4-Dinoflagellates | *Contribute to RED TIDE *Bioluminescence *Zooxanthellae *Photosynthesize or ingest food *Two FLEGELLA *Asexual reproduction (cell division) |
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