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Ch.6

vocab

WordDefinition
somatic cell cell that makes up all the body tissues and organs, exept gametes
gamte sex cell (egg/sperm)
homologous chromosome chromosomes that have the same legth, appearence, and copies of genes, although alleles may differ
autosome chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism
sex chromosome chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual charateristics
sexual reproduction process by which 2 gametes fuse and offspring that are genetic mixture of both parents are produced
fertilization fusion of an egg and sperm cell
diploid cell that has 2 copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm
haploid cell that has only 1 copy of each chromosome
meiosis form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important in forming gametes for sexual reproduction
gametogenesis process by which gametes are produced through the combination of meiosis and other maturational changes
sperm male gamete
egg female gamete
polar body haploid cell produced during meiosis in the female of many species; these cells have little more than DNA and evetually disitegrate
crossing over exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis 1
genetic linkage tendency for genes located close together on the some chromosome to be inherited together
trait characteristic that is inherited
genetics study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms
purebred type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform
cross mating of 2 organisms
Law of Segragation (Mendel's 1st law) stating that 1.organisms inherit 2 copies of genes, one from each parent 2.organisms donate only 1 copy of each gene in their gametes because the genes separate during gamete formation
gene specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
allele any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome
homozygous charateristic of having of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids
heterozygous charateristic of having two diff alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids
genotype collection of all of an organism's genetic info that codes for traits
phenotype collection of all of an organism's physical traits
dominant allele that is expressed when 2 diff alleles are present in an organism's genotype (represented by an upper case letter)
recessive allele that is not expressed unless 2 copies are present in an organism's genotype (represented by a lower case letter)
Punnett square model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating
monohybrid cross cross, or mating, between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits
testcross cross between an organism w/an unknown genotype and an organism w/a recessive phenotype
dihybrid cross cross, or mating, between organisms involving 2 pairs of contrasting traits
Law of independent assortment (Mendel's second law) stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation
probability likelihood that a particular event will happen
Created by: studyingat
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