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HW Set 7
Science -MOTION IN SPACE
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Year | Time needed for a planet to orbit (or revolve) around the sun one time. An Earth year is 365 1/4 days. An extra day is added once every 4th year to catch Earth up in it's position in space for that time of year (called Leap Year) |
| Orbit | (Include influence of gravity and inertia) (554/630/633) if used as a noun: the path an object in space follows as it travels around another object in space. As a verb: to travel or move around an object in space. Orbiting requires balanced forces of grav |
| Month | The approximate time needed for Earth's moon to make one complete trip (revolution or orbit) around the earth. It takes the moon about 29 1/2 days to go around Earth. There are 3 full moon cycles in each season. |
| Day | Time needed for a planet to spin completely around one time. An "Earth day" is 24 hours. As planets spin, only one side can face the sun to get light, which causes day time (while the other side experiences nighttime). |
| Rotate/rotation | Spinning on an axis. It causes day and night as a planet spins toward or away from the sun. |
| Axis | Imaginary line connecting opposite poles on which planets spin, like a top. With revolution, the 23.5 degrees tilt of Earth's axis causes seasons due to how direct sun rays are at any particular point along its orbit. |
| Ellipse/elliptical | Ellipse: elongated (stretched out) circle. Elliptical: taking on the shape of an ellipse. Earth's orbit is usually drawn very elliptical because most diagrams are of a side view. |
| Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion | 1: planets aren't perfect circles but are slightly elliptical (not as elliptical as most diagrams usually make it appear.) 2: the closer a planet is to the sun, the faster a planet moves (so, it will also have a shorter year when the speed is combined w |
| Astronomical unit | Average distance from Earth to Sun (about 150 million km) is 1 astronomical unit. It's abbreviated as AU. AU's make comparing relative distances in our solar system's easier. (Ex: Venus is less than 1AU (0.7 AU). Jupiter's 5AU from the sun, so it's 5 time |
| Light year | Unit of distance equal to distance light travels in a year (9.5 trillion km). It was created because distances in space are too large to easily express with km or miles. There are also light minutes and light seconds (Ex: Earth is 8.3 light minutes from t |
| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | The force of gravity between two objects depends on the masses and distance between them. As mass of either increases, the gravity increases. As distance increases, gravity between them decreases. |
| Revolve/Revolution | A complete trip along an orbit. Example: for Earth,a revolution is one orbit around the sun;for the moon, its once around earth. as Earth revolves it turns toward or away from the sun 365 times to make a year of days and nights(except at the poles durning |
| Constellation | sections of the sky each containing a star pattern. They are used to describe locations of objects in space. All 88 constellations share borders with other constellations. |
| Seasonal Changes of Constellations | locations of the constellations appear to change season to season as earth orbits the sun."seasonal constellations" are seen in only one particular season. Stars due north are always seen from the norhern hemisphere though they change position seasonally. |
| Apparent Motion or Apparent Postition | What something looks like or where it looks like it is but ISNT! Rotation can cause apparent motion (sun seems to rise and set). tilt combined with revolution causes apparent position to change (constellations shifting seasonally and sun appearing highger |
| Actual Motion or Actual Position | Basically, its how things really move or where things really are. Example: Stars in constellation Orion are many light years from another, yet they appear to be side by side on the same 2 dimensional plane. |
| Moon | A natural satellite orbits a planet. Our moon is called Luna. Luna's period of rotation matches its period of revolution (so we never see Luna's "back" side). Luna appears to be same size as the sun because its so much closer! |
| Moonrise and Moonset | Apparent rising in the East and setting in the West. Because the direction the moon orbits is counterclockewise, the moon appears a bit more eastward each day as viewed from one particular spot. |
| Sunrise and Sunset | A type of apparent motion. its caused by the rotation of Earth making the Sun SEEM to rise in the east and set in the west. |
| Moon Phases | They change as Luna orbits Earth. They're due to how much of the lit portion of the moon we can see from our perspective on Earth. A complete moon cycle is about 29 1/2 days. |
| Tides | The rise and fall of sea level. Tides are due to the pull of gravity between both sun and moon (mainly the moon's gravitational pull on Earth.) |
| Shadows | The oputline of an object not fully lit on all sides which "grow" and "shrink" as Earth rotates bc the sun is at its greatest angle. Shadows are shorter at noon bc the sun's most overhead at that time. On the equinox at the equator, theres NO shadow at no |
| Eclipses (solar vs lunar) | When the sun or moon is hidden from view from Earth due to the alignment of 3 celestial objects: sun, moon, and Earth. The moon orbits at an angle, which is why we don't have lunar eclipses every month! Solar Eclipse: Sun, moon, and Earth align (lin |
Created by:
Emmatana
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