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Rocks and minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is weathering | The process by which a rock breaks down due to chemical or enviormental process |
| Mechanical weathering is | When rocks are broken in to pieces by physical process, and the apperance is changed |
| When rocks are weathered by mechanical processes, what is the only thing that changes? | Only the appearance the chemical makeup stays the same |
| 3 causes of mechanical weathering are | trees and plant roots, animals burrowing, and ice wedging |
| Chemical weathering is | when chemical reaction dissolve the minerals in rocks, or change them into a different mineral. The chemical composition of the rock changes and it weakens the rock |
| When rocks are weathered by chemical process, what changes | the chemical composition of the rock |
| Three causes of chemical weathering are | natural acids, plant acids, and oxygen (oxidation-rust) |
| Explain how the tops of mountains begin to crack in polar regions | water goes in the crevasses of the mountains, and freezes. When the water freezes it expands leaving cracks. |
| How do limestone caves form | When carbonic acid reacts with calcite, it dissolves and forms limestone caves. |
| Explain oxidation and give one example | oxidation is when minerals are exposed to oxygen and water. Ex: when minerals containing iron rust |
| In order for a mineral to rust, it most likely contains this element | iron |
| Climate is the pattern of weather that occurs in a particular are over many years. Explain how climate affects the rate of weathering. | In hot climates you would see chemical weathering like rust In cold climates you would see mechanical weathering like ice wedging. |
| Describe what soil is made of | A mixture of weathered rock, decayed organic matter (once living things) mineral fragments, water, and air. |
| The five soil horizons are labeled | o, a, b, c, bedrock |
| All the horizons of soil create the soil | profile |
| Horizon o is found | on the top layer |
| Horizon o consists of | fresh to partly decomposed organic matter, organic concentration formed of vegetable matter. |
| Horizon a is found | on the second layer |
| Horizon a consists of | highly decomposed organic matter |
| Horizon b is found | underneath a above c |
| Horizon b consists of | Fine organic matter and minerals from the a horizon |
| Horizon C is found | under b above bedrock |
| Horizon C consists of | highly decomposed parent material |
| Bedrock is also known as | parent material |
| What is leaching | the carrying of nutrients from horizon a to b |
| Dark, nutrient rich humus can be found in this horizon | a horizon |
| partially weathered rock can be found in this horizon | c horizon |
| This horizon has a lighter color, less humus, and receives nutrients through leaching | b horizon |
| What is humus | its a dark colored substance and forms as plant and animal decay. |
| What does humus do for vegetation | Acts as a fertilizer. |
| What horizon has the most nutriend rich soil, favorable for plant growth? which doesn't? | Favorable: a Not Favorable: bedrock |
| What 5 factors affect soil formation | climate, type of rock, slope of land, type of vegetation, ammount of time rock has weathered |
| Why is a horizon darker than b | It has more organic matter |
| Soil takes thousand of years to form. Explain the process | 1. acids in rain and ice wedging start to weather the rock 2.plants and trees begin to grow their roots and make cracks 3. insects and animals leave waste and organic matter 4. over time organic matter accumulates over rocks and soil is formed |
| Why does soil in NJ look different than in CA | different minerals and rocks |
| Whats is the name of NJ soil | Downer Soil |
| What does our soil mainly consist of | sand, silt, clay |
| 4 characteristics of all minerals | 1. Naturally occurring 2. Inorganic solid 3. Definite chemical composition 4. Orderly arrangement of atoms |
| Explain two natural processes that form minerals | 1. Magma 2. Solution |
| A crystalline solid has atoms that are arranged in an | orderly repeating pattern |
| 4 tests on minerals | luster, streak, clevage/fracture, hardness |
| scale to determine minerals hardness | Mohs hardness scale |
| difference between cleavage, and fracture | Cleavage- smooth break Fracture- jagged edges |
| magnetite characteristic | its magnetic |
| calcite characteristic | fizzes in hcl |
| what is a gem | highly prized mineral |
| example of a gem | pyrite |
| what is an ore | a mineral that contains useful substances |
| example of an ore | hematite |
| most abundant element on earth | oxygen |
| Why was the rock cycle created | To show how rocks slowly change over time |
| How does the principle of the conservation of matter relate to the rock cycle | it tells that matter can never be destroyed it can only change form |
| Due to weathering and erosion rocks are broken in to smaller pieces called | sediments |
| What is the difference between weathering and erosion | weathering is breaking down rock by mechanical or chemical process. Erosion is the moving and wearing away of rocks |
| Where does an extrusive igneous form, does it cool quickly or slowly | it forms above earths crust, it cool quickly |
| Where does an intrusive igneous form, does it cool quickly or slowly | It forms inside the earth, slowly |
| what is the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rock | foliated has layers nonfoliated doesn't |
| 3 types of sedimentary rocks and where there sediments come from | organic- comes from once living things Detrital- comes from other rocks Chemical_comes from solution |
| limestone is a --- rock | sedimentary |
| granite is a ---rock | igneous |
| mount rushmore is made of what kind of rock | igneous |
Created by:
sampayer
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