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Genetics Vocab

Genetics vocabulary

TermDescription
Heredity the transmission of genetic information from parent to offspring
Genetics The science of heredity
Genetic Variation The difference between parents and offspring or among individuals of a population
Principles of Segregation States that during meiosis the alleles for each locus separate, or segregate, from each other.
Principle of Independent Assortment States that alleles of different locus are distributed randomly into the gamates.
Linked Genes Genes that tend to be inherited together
Linkage The tendency for a group of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together in successive generations.
Test cross The genetic cross in which either an F1 individual, or an individual of unknown genotype, is mated to a homozygous recessive individual.
Recombination Any process that leads to new gene combinations.
Hemizygous Has only one copy of the X-linked gene.
Dosage compensation A mechanism that makes equivalent the two doses in the female and the single dose in the male.
Barr Body A dense, metabolically inactive X chromosome.
Variegation A phenomenon in which a female mammal that is heterozygous at an X-linked locus expresses one of the alleles in about half her cells and the other allele in the other half.
Incomplete dominance When the heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between those of its two parents.
Codominance Refers to instances in which the heterozygote simultaneously expressed the phenotypes of both types of homozygotes.
Multliple alleles Three or more alleles for a given locus in a population
Pleiotropy The ablitiy of a single gene to have multiple effects.
Epistasis An allele of one locus that can mask the expression of alleles of different locus.
Polygenic inheritance When multiple independent pairs of genes have similar and additive effects on the same character.
Norm of Reaction The range of phenotypic possibilities that can develop from a single genotype under different environmental conditions.
Created by: mahn
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