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earth's interior
earth's interior vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crust | The thin rocky layer of the earth |
| Mantle | The 280-kilometer thick layer of the earth located below the crust |
| Core | The innermost layer of the earth, located beneath the mantle; |
| Asthenosphere | A weak plastic layer of the mantle situated below the lithosphere; The rock within this zone is easily deformed; it allows the tectonic plates to move due to its plasticity |
| Mesosphere | The layer of the atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere and characterized by decreasing temperatures with height |
| Lithosphere | The rigid outer layer of the earth, including the crust and upper mantle |
| Seismic wave | Waves produced by an earthquake; used to study the earth's interior. |
| S-wave | A seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling |
| P-wave | Earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rocks in the direction of the wave; also known as a compression wave. |
| Shadow zone | An area in which an S-wave is not detected due to it not being able to pass through the outter layer |
| Density | less dense toward surface of earth; Mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter; increases with depth into the earth |
| Pressure | increases from the Earth's surface toward the core; the continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it. |
| Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of individual atoms or molecules in a substance. |
| Convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of heated matter; currents form in mantle when heated material becomes less dense and rises then cools off and falls |
| Plasticity | Asthenosphere is an example of this; due to increased pressure solids are moveable (like plastic) |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves |
| Magnetosphere | the reigon surrounding the earth or another astromical body in which magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field. |
| inner core | solid Ni and Fe |
| outer core | liquid Fe & S |
| Earth's magnetic field | caused by spinning of liquid outer core |
| tectonic plate movement | thought to be caused by convection currents in the mantle |
| oceanic crust | igneous rock, 7 km thick, 3 g/cm3 density, younger than continental crust |
| continental crust | granitic rock, 8-75 km thick, 2.7 g/cm3 density, older than oceanic crust |
| seismic wave velocity | speeds up as it enters the mantle, slows down when it reaches the outer core--a liuid (s waves stop and p waves bend), speeds up again as it enters the inner core (due to solid again) |
| asthenosphere | layer that allows the tectonic plates to move |
Created by:
tboever17
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