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Cell Structure
Different components of the cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell wall | outer layer of plant cells that supports and protects cell |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid bilayer with embedded globular proteins that controls the flow of matter in and out of the cell |
| chromatin (chromosomes/DNA) | (chromatin when uncoiled): long strands of DNA found within the nucleus of a cell |
| cristae | short, fingerlike projections formed by folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| cytoplasm | all the material (fluid) outside the nucleus, other than the organelles |
| cytoskeleton | internal framework of the cell made of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments |
| Golgi apparatus/body | structures made of groups of flattened sacs used to store, package, and export proteins and other materials produced in the cell |
| lysosome | lysosomes are vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that help to digest food or break down old structures for recycling or removal |
| matrix | the inner fluid space in the mitochondria; contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes that break down carbohydrates to provide energy needed to produce ATP during cellular respiration |
| nuclear envelope | contains nuclear pores; controls the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus |
| nuclear pore | opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus |
| nucleolus | the dark, spherical area of the nucleus; aids in the production of rRNA (ribosomal RNA), a structural component of ribosomes |
| organelles | subcellular structures surrounded by membranes |
| polysomes | string of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis; also called polyribosome |
| ribosomes | structures found on rough ER (some are free floating) that assemble proteins |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) | (ER) rough ER is characterized by large numbers of ribosomes on its surface; it produces proteins that secreted by the cell. |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for the production of lipids, such as steroid hormones |
| vacuoles | a membrane-enclosed storage structure that is usually filled with water and chemicals |
| vesicle | vesicles are small vacuoles used to transport materials |
| plasma membrane | the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell or plasma which is the liquid portion of the blood; mainly consists of water; 7 to 8% of plasma consists of proteins |
| Centriole | a small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell di |
| What does cell theory state? | all organisms are composed of one or more cells cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms all cells come from previously existing cells |
Created by:
sarabarbot
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