Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MedSurge-Cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cancer S/S | CAUTION C change in bowel/bladder A a sore that won't heal U unusual bleeding/discharge T thickening lump I indigestion/difficulty swallowing O obvious change wart/mole N nagging cough/hoarseness |
| Genetic tests (BRCA1, BRCA2) | mutations in genes can dispose woman to high risk of breast cancer |
| Tissue Biopsy | definitive diagnosis of abnormal cells |
| CBC and differential | screening for leukemia's |
| Chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET, SPECT | used to visualize tumors, metastasis, or progression of cancer |
| CEA, CA-125, PSA, beta-hG, AFP | blood tests that screen for cancers of colon, pancreas, liver, prostate, uterus, and ovaries |
| CEA, acronym for? | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CA-125, acronym for? | cancer antigen 125 |
| PSA, acronym for? | prostate-specific antigen |
| beta-hCG, acronym for? | human chronic gonadotropin |
| AFP, acronym for? | alpha fetoprotein |
| Tumors are staged based on? | tumor, node, metastasis |
| Staging Tumor (TX) | unable to evaluate the primary tumor |
| Staging Tumor (T0) | no evidence of primary tumor |
| Staging Tumor (Tis) | tumor in situ |
| Staging Tumor (T1, T2, T3, or T4) | size and extent of tumor |
| Staging Tumor (NX) | unable to evaluate regional lymph nodes |
| Staging Tumor (N0) | no evidence of regional node involvement |
| Staging Tumor (N1, N2, N3, or N4) | number of nodes that are involved and/or extent of spread |
| Staging Tumor (MX) | unable to evaluate distant metastasis |
| Staging Tumor (M0) | no evidence of metastasis |
| Staging Tumor (MI) | presence of distant metastasis |
| SIADH, acronym for? | Syndrome of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone |
| SIADH, causes? | water retention, dilution of electrolytes (sodium) |
| SIADH, nursing response... | - monitor for hyponatremia - admin. Furosemide - admin. HYPERtonic saline |
| define epistaxis | nosebleed |
| Place cancer pt. in private room if WBC count less than? | 1,000/mm3 & initiate neutropenic precautions |
| Neutropenic Precautions... | - mask pt. during transport - pt. remain in room - clean room, H2O, no plants - restrict ill visitors - avoid invasive procedures/needles - keep equip. in pt. room - admin. Colony-stimulating factors |
| Colony-stimulation factor meds? | eg. Neupogen, Neulasta |
| Cancer pt. should wash toothbrush in? | dishwasher or rinse in bleach solution |
| Megesterol (Megace) is administered to? | increase pt. appetite |
| Mouth care should be done (before / after) meals? | before to enhance client's appetite |
| Antiemetics should be administered? (before / after meals)? | before |
| Improvement in metallic taste can be accomplished by? | - using plastic utensils - sucking hard candy - avoiding red meats |
| For itchy scalp associated with alopecia, pt. can use | diaper rash ointment |
| ____-based mouth washes should be avoided with mucositis | Glycerin |
| Pt. should rinse mouth with what solution? | 0.9% NaCL and half peroxide, BID w/soft toothbrush |
| Cancer diet considerations? | soft foods, high proteins eg. mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs, cooked cereals, milk shakes, ice cream, yogurt, bananas |
| Bleeding precautions... | - avoid IV's / injections - apply pressure @10 min. - handle pt. gently, avoid trauma |
| S/S Anemia | - fatigue - pallor - dizziness - SOB |
| Anemia med to administer... | Erythropoietin Alfa (Epogen) |
| Antianemic med to administer... | Ferrous sulfate (Feosol) |
| S/S Thrombocytopenia | - petechiae - ecchymosis - bleeding gums - nosebleeds - blood in stools, urine, vomitus |
| Thrombopoietic med to administer... | Oprelvekin (Interleukin 11, Neumega) |
| Platelets should be administered if count falls below? | 30,000/mm3 |
| define Brachytherapy | radiation administered internally with an implant |
| IV radiation drug? | radionuclide iodine |
| Dosimeter film badge is used to? | records the amount of radiation exposure |
| When pt. is receiving brachytherapy, visitors should? | - limit visit to 30 min. - remain 6ft. from pt. - should not be pregnant - should be over 16 yrs. |
| A common side effect of radiation therapy is? | fatigue |
| Effective meds against tumors that require hormone support? | Leuprolide (Eligard, Lupron) |
| Androgenic hormones can suppress cancer in pts. with? | estrogen-dependent cancer |
| Estrogenic hormones can suppress cancer in pts. with? | testosterone-dependent cancer |
| Males receiving Estrogenic hormones may experience? | gynectomastia, hot flashes, bone loss |
| Flutamide (Eulexin) is a? | Androgen antagonist |
| Estrogen antagonists S/E? | N/V, hot flashes, weight gain, vaginal bleeding, inc. risk thrombosis |
| The two primary cytokines used in immunotherapy are? | Interleukins and Interferons |
| Interlulkins... | help coordinate the inflammatory and immune responses of the body (lymphocytes) |
| Interferons... | when stimulated, can exert an anti-tumor effect by activating a variety of responses |
| Cytokines... | work to enhance the immune system |
| Interleukin's, monitor for? | flu-like symptoms, edema |
| Interferon's, monitor for? | peripheral neuropathy (issues w/vision, hearing, balance, gait) |
| Progression is the? | Final stage of cancer |
| Progression is characterized by | - increased growth rate - increased invasiveness - spread of the cancer to a distant site |
| Progression occurs due to? | - rapid proliferation - decreased cell adhesion - production of metalloproteinase enzymes |
| Tumor-associated antigens | the altered cell surface antigens as a result of malignant transformation |
| 3 Methods of cancer pain management? | surgery / radiation / chemotherapy |
| Opioids in cancer Tx, given for? | moderate to severe pain |
| Antidepressants in cancer Tx, given for? | to reduce associated depression, promote sleep, and increase serotonin levels that may improve feelings of well-being |
| Anticonvulsants in cancer Tx, given for? | to treat neuralgia or neuropathic-type pain |
| Steroids in cancer Tx, given for? | reduce pain by reducing swelling |
| Adjunctive agents (Sympatholytic agents) in cancer Tx, given for? | Used to treat neuropathic pain |
| Skeletal muscle relaxants in cancer Tx, given for? | May be used along with other pain meds for muscle spasms assoc. with cancer pain |
| Rectal med administration, contraindicated in pts. with? | low WBC or low platelet count |
| Anesthetic used for isolated pain? | bupivacaine and/or a corticosteroid |
| Intercostal nerve blocks used for? | anesthetic for chest or abdominal wall pain, procedure 15 min - 1 hr. |
| S/S Systemic Infusion... | metallic taste, ringing in ears, perioral numbness, seizures |
| Location of epidural space _____ | space outside the dura mater of the spinal cord |
| Location of intrathecal space _____ | the subarachnoid area within the spinal cord sheath that contains cerebrospinal fluid |
| External catheter placed for long-term pain management of which areas? | abdomen, thorax, below umbilicus |
| Neurolytic ablation, involves? | interrupting the nerve pathway or destroying the nerve roots that are causing pain |
| Neurolytic ablation may cause... | loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function |
| Radiofrequency ablation, involves? | Electrical currency creates heat on a probe guided to tumor or nerves; to destroy cancer cells or ablate nerve endings |
| Cryoanalgesia, involves? | Uses a needle-like probe to deliver extreme cold to interfere with pain conduction via nerve pathways |
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, (TENS) involve? | Low-volt electrical impulses transmitted thru electrodes attached to the skin |
| Do not use TENS on pts. with? | pacemakers or infusion pumps |
| metastasis is? | cancer cells may invade surrounding tissues and/or spread to other areas of the body |
| Carcinomas arise from? | epithelial tissue |
| Adenocarcinomas arise from? | glandular organs |
| Sarcomas arise from? | mesenchymal tissue |
| Leukemias are? | malignancies of the blood-forming cells |
| Lymphomas arise from? | lymph tissue |
| Multiple myeloma arises from? | plasma cells and affects the bone |
Created by:
fluency
Popular Nursing sets