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ATI-MedSurge-Immune
ATI-MedSurge-IMMUNE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - pt. on Chemo - priority nursing assessment | Erythema at IV site (may be sign of extravasation / infection) |
| Lymphomas can metastasize which organs? | Almost any |
| Adverse effect of chemotherapy | - alopecia - anorexia - mucositis of oral cavity |
| Pt. with bone marrow suppression - pt. teaching | - avoid eating fresh fruits/veges (which may carry bacteria, increases risk of infection) - no aspirin (increases risk bleeding) |
| Sun exposure (Does or Does Not) present a risk to pt. on chemotherapy? | Does Not |
| High risk factors for pneumonia | - older adult - living in long-term facility - dysphagia |
| What is? CAP... | Community Acquired Pneumonia: the most common type and often occurs as a complication of influenza |
| What is? HAP... | Hospital Acquired Pneumonia: has a higher mortality rate/more resistant to antibiotics (w/n 24-48 hrs) |
| The leading cause of skin cancer is... | sunlight exposure |
| Actinic keratoses are? | Precancerous skin lesions: common in people with chronically sun-damaged skin, such as older adults |
| 3 types of skin cancer are? | - Squamous cell carcinoma - Basal cell carcinoma - Malignant melanoma |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma, is? | cancer of the top layer of epidermis that can be localized, but may metastasize to other tissue and organs |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma, is? | cancer of basal layer, can damage surrounding tissue and underlying structures. Not usually metastatic, rate of recurrence high |
| Malignant Melanoma, is? | aggressive, metastatic cancer that originates in the melanin-producing cells of the epidermis |
| SPF for skin/lip protection should be? | 15 or higher |
| Small, waxy nodule with small, superficial blood vessels, may be an physical finding in? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| In darker people, melanoma lesions may appear... | on the palms and soles |
| ABCDs of suspicious lesions? | Asymmetry – One side does not match the other Borders – Ragged, notched, irregular, or blurred edges Color – Lack of uniformity in pigmentation Diameter – Width >6 mm (pencil eraser/pea) |
| SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Criteria... | SOAP BRAIN MD Serositis (pleuritis, pericarditis) Oral Ulcers Arthritis Photosensitivity Blood (all are low - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) Renal (protein) ANA Immunologic (DS DNA etc.) Neurologic (psyc, seizures) |
| PAP Smears are a test for? | Cervical cancer |
| Bethesda System | |
| Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) | |
| Brachytherapy | |
| External Radiation Therapy (Teletherapy) | is delivered over the course of several weeks and aimed at the body from an external source |
| Radiation therapy is given as adjuvant therapy, usually after which procedure? | Hysterectomy |
| Radiation can cause which foods to become unpalatable? | red meats due to dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste) |
| Include in pt. teaching of irradiated area? | - avoid antibacterial soaps (use mild) - avoid lotions - pat area dry (do not rub) - avoid sun |
| Systemic complication of chemotherapy include: | nausea, vomiting, neutropenia |
| Cancer cells specific to Hodgkin's Lymphoma? | Reed-Sternberg Cells (usually found in lymph nodes) |
| Prostate Specific Antigen | |
| Digital Rectal Examination, reveals? | a hard prostate with palpable irregularities |
| Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS, are performed? | to definitively diagnose or rule out prostate cancer in the presence of an enlarged prostate. |
| Tests to asses for metastases include? | - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - computed tomography (CT) scans - bone scans |
| Osteoarthritis - disease process | cartilage destruction with bone spur growth at joint ends; degenerative |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis - disease process | synovial membrane inflammation resulting in cartilage destruction and bone erosion; inflammatory |
| Osteoarthritis - sign / symptoms | - pain with activity that improves at rest - localized inflammatory response - usually overweight |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis - sign / symptoms | Swelling, redness, warmth, pain at rest or after immobility (morning stiffness) - all joints - usually underweight |
| Testicular cancer, demographic? | - white males - age: 15 - 35 - cryptorchidism |
| TSE (Testicular self-exam) should be performed? | starting at puberty, monthly, after shower in front of mirror |
| Testing for ticks is done? | 4 to 6 weeks after bite, earlier is not reliable |
| Ticks should be removed with? | tweezers or fingers |
| When hiking, individual should wear (light / dark) colored clothing? | light colored, so ticks can be easily seen |
| Stage I of Lyme disease, symptoms | flu-like symptoms, "bulls-eye" rash, muscle/joint pain & stiffness |
| Highest priority nursing teaching of individual allergic to peanuts | carry emergency anaphylactic kit |
| Clindamycin (Cleocin), highest adverse effect is? | Water diarrhea, puts pt. at risk for pseudomembranous colitis, report to HCP |
| Hepatitis A (HAV), route / risks? | Oral-fecal route / contaminated food/water / Daycares and communal living facilities |
| Hepatitis B (HBV), route / risks? | Blood / Drug abuse / Sexual contact / Health care work |
| Hepatitis C (HCV), route / risks? | Blood / Drug abuse / Sexual contact |
| Hepatitis D (HDV), route / risks? | Co-infection with HBV / Drug abuse |
| Hepatitis E (HEV) | Oral-fecal route / contaminated water |
| Orange-peel appearance of breast tissue may be an indication of? | breast cancer |
| Asymmetric pigmented, papulae may be an indication of? | skin cancer |
| A patch of silvery-white scales with a red epidermal base, may be an indication of? | psoriasis |
| A collection of irregular dry papules that are black in color, may be an indication of? | seborrheic ketosis |
| Bacterial pharyngitis is diagnosed with what test? | a throat culture |
| Indirect layrngoscopy is used to? | visually assess pharyngeal structures |
| Monospot test is used to | detect mononucleosis, a viral infection |
| Hyperacute rejection occurs when? | a few minutes after the transplant / tissue must be removed right away so the recipient does not die |
| Amoxicillin (Amoxil) should be taken (with / without) food | with food |
| HPV Vaccine, should be given? | 3 doses, beginning at age 11 / 12, 2nd dose: 1-2 mo. after 1st, 3rd dose: 6 mo. after 2nd. |
| A pt. who is thrombocytopenic is at risk for? | occult bleeding |
| Occult bleeding is? | a term for blood present in the feces that is not visibly apparent |
| CD4+ count as a diagnosis for AIDS? | < 200 cell/mm3 |
| Malar rash, is? | butterfly-shaped rash over the cheeks |
| Discoid rash, is? | red rash with raised round or oval patches |
| Pt. w/SLE should wear sunscreen with minimum SPF of? | 30 |
| SLE is usually accompanied with ____ Syndrome | Raynaud's |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematousus (SLE), S/S | rashes, mouth sores, arthritis, lung/heart inflammation, kidney issues, neurologic issues, abnormal blood tests |
| A positive indication of HIV Tx is a ____ ____-____. | decreased viral-load |
| Pts. with HIV usually have a lymphocyte count of? | < 1,500 cells/mm3 |
| WBC reference range | 5,000 to 10,000/mm3 |
| Leukopenia is? | a total WBC <4,300/mm3 |
| Leukocytosis is? | a total WCB >10,000/mm3 |
| Neutropenia is? | a neutrophil count <2,000/mm3 |
| Left shift in WBC Differential is an indication of? | bacterial pneumonial |
| Methotrexate (Trexall) for RA therapeutic effects take? | 4 to 6 weeks |
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