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Honors Bio.7
Evolution: Chapters 15-17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | change over time |
| Theory | a well-supported testable explanation phenomena that have occurred in the natural world |
| Fossil | preserved remains of ancient organisms |
| Artificial selection | nature provided the variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful |
| Struggle for existence | members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life |
| Fitness | the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce |
| Adaptation | any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival |
| Survival of the fittest | organisms with the best adaptations survive rather than the others |
| Natural selection | "survival of the fittest" |
| Descent with modification | each species has descended with changes from other species over time |
| Common descent | ability to find the common ancestors of all living things |
| Homologous structure | structures that have more mature forms but developed from the same embryonic tissues |
| Vestigial organs | size reduced organs of many animals |
| Gene pool | consists of all genes that are present in a population |
| Directional selection | when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness then those at the middle or other end |
| Stabilizing selection | when individuals in the center of the curve have higher fitness then those on the ends |
| Disruptive selection | when individuals on the ends of the curve have higher fitness then those in the middle |
| Genetic drift | random change in allele frequency |
| Founder effect | allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population |
| Hardy-Weinberg principle | allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors case the frequencies to change |
| Genetic equilibrium | allele frequencies remain constant |
| Speciation | formation of new species |
| Reproductive isolation | two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| Behavioral isolation | two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals or other reproductive strategies that involve behavior |
| Geographic isolation | two populations are separated by geographic barriers |
| Temporal isolation | two or more species reproduce at different times |
| Fossil record | information about past life |
| Extinct | species died out |
| Relative dating | age of a fossil is determined by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock |
| Index fossils | must have existed for a short period of time but have had a wide geographic range |
| Half-life | length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay |
| Radioactive dating | the use of half-lifes to determine the age of a sample |
| Geological time scale | used to represent evolutionary time |
| Mass extinction | many types of organisms became extinct at the same time |
| Macroevolution | large-scale evolutionary patterns and processes that occur over long periods of time |
| Adaptive radiation | a single species has evolved through natural selection into diverse forms |
| Convergent radiation | unrelated organisms come to resemble one another |
| Coevolution | two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time |
| Punctuated equilibrium | long , stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change |
| Gradualism | slow steady change in a particular line of descent |
Created by:
lattee
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